Modern waterproofing materialsdiffer in reliability and durability. At the moment, a huge number of their varieties are being produced. The most popular because of the low cost are bitumen-polymer and roll materials. About what advantages and disadvantages they differ in, as well as about the features of their installation and let's talk below.
Varieties of roll materials
Sometime to protect roofs and foundationsonly roofing material and roofing felt were used Today they also remain quite popular. However, if you wish, you can use their more modern and expensive counterparts, characterized by greater reliability and durability. These include:
- Glass reinforced ruberoid In a conventional material, cardboard is used as the base. In this case, it replaces fiberglass. Such a rolled waterproofing material can last up to 15 years.
- Roll-up roll materials. Their difference from ruberoid is that there is already a bituminous layer on their lower side. Gluing is done by heating it with a gas torch directly on the roof.
- Self-adhesive roll material.In this case, the reverse side of the panels is smeared with a polymer composition and covered with a film. After removing the last material is simply laid on the roof. Gluing occurs when the canvas is heated by sunlight.
- Baseless species. In this case, cardboard, fiberglass or some other material is not used as a substrate. The canvas consists entirely of polymer with additives.
- Gidroizol. Asbestine sheet is used as a substrate.
Requirements for roll waterproofing GOST
Roofing and waterproofing roll materialswithout fail pass laboratory tests for quality. According to the standards, the flexibility of the ruberoid (GOST 10923-64) must be such that it does not appear cracks when twisting into a roll with a diameter:
- 20 mm for the brand RP-250;
- 30 mm - for RP-420 and RF-350.
For roofing (GOST 10999-64) these indicators are as follows:
- 10 mm - at 20 degrees Celsius;
- 20 mm - for tolya-skin;
- 30 mm - for the material with dressing.
In addition, rolled waterproofing materialsare tested for resistance to breaks in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Tests are also carried out on the degree of water resistance, for loss of strength when saturated with water, the presence of stratification and complete impregnation.
Thus, all rolled waterproofing materials are checked (GOST 2678-65). Samples are taken in accordance with GOST 2551-75.
Varieties of bitumen waterproofing
Sometimes roofing and foundations protect againstmoisture and using mastic based on petroleum products. It is also a fairly inexpensive way, and technologically simple. The following types of such materials are currently available:
- Bitumen-polymer mastic.They are mixtures based on polymers, petroleum bitumen, rubber, and various kinds of additives. Thanks to the latest polymer materials waterproofing acquire viscosity and resistance to cracking. In addition, the presence of such additives increases the service life of mastic.
- Bituminous mastic. There are one- and two-component. In this case, special additives, synthetic or natural, are also used.
- Bitumen-polymer emulsion.This type is commonly used for waterproofing mineral surfaces. They are aqueous bitumen emulsions with mineral emulsifiers and synthetic latex added to them.
What can be used roll and bitumen materials
These types of waterproofers can be used for:
- Protection roofs. In this case, the material is placed in several layers.
- Processing of the walls, bottom and top of the foundation. Both bitumen and rolled material can be used for this purpose.
- Basement insulation inside and out.In this case, the roll material is usually laid on the floor, and the walls are covered with bitumen mastic. However, the latter for waterproofing basements in recent times used less and less. The fact is that as a result of the penetration of groundwater through the concrete walls, the film created by it can move away. Currently, to protect the walls of basements usually use more modern materials - penetrating and injection.
Installation of roll materials
You can use this waterproofing on roofs with slopes of slopes no more than 25 grams. Work in this case is as follows:
- The waterproofing material is rolled out and left in this position for a day. This is necessary so that he dealt. You can also simply roll out the roll and roll it in the opposite direction.
- The roof surface is thoroughly cleaned from debris and dust.
- The roll rises to the roof.
- One person covers the surface of the roof with preheated bitumen mastic, the second one rolls out the roll.
Thus, practically any roofing waterproofing material is mounted. When gluing, special attention should be paid to vertical elements, joints of ramps, etc.
Rules to follow
When installing roll materials, the following rules must be followed:
- On slopes with a slope of less than 15 grams. rolled material is laid parallel to the ridge from the bottom up. In this case, the overlap on the eaves bar should be approximately 15 cm, on the ridge - 25 cm.
- On the slopes of more than 15 cm, the ruberoid is usually laid across, rolling strip from top to bottom. Overlap on the ridge in this case should be about 40 cm.
- Overlaps should be made between the strips: 10 cm longitudinal and 15 cm at the end.
- The junction of the canvases should not converge in one place.
- In the endova before pasting skates need to lay three layers of roofing material. This greatly reduces the risk of leakage. Further installation is performed with alternation of end and pitched layers.
Number of layers required
In order that the roof was protected as much as possiblereliably, several varieties of roofing felt fit into it. The bottom layers are made of material without sprinkling. This roofing material is cheaper. Top lay material with sprinkling. The number of layers depends on the angle of slope of the roof:
- more than 15 grams. - 2 layers;
- 5-15 grams. - 3 layers;
- 0-5 gr. - 4 layers.
Overlaying waterproofing materials: installation
Protection of the roof of this kind of waterproofing is as follows:
- The first layer can be fixed on the roof with nails.
- Laying start from the lowest point.
- Next, the roll is rolled and placed on the place where it should be mounted.
- The edge of the strip rises and warms up.
- Next, you need to press it tightly to the surface of the slope.
- The canvas again rolls into a roll to the glued place.
- Gradually rolling the roll, heat its lower part as well as the base with a torch. Under the influence of fire in front of the canvas will form a roller of liquid bitumen.
- After gluing on the canvas, they pass through a special roller to remove air bubbles from under it.
Installation rules
Overlaps in the case of using a weldmaterials are made the same as when using conventional roofing felt. When passing the lanes with a roller, special attention should be paid to the edges. Move this tool at an angle - from the middle of the canvas out. Walk on the newly pasted roof is impossible.
Use of bitumen mastics
Unlike rolled, waterproofing material of this variety is more often used for protection against moisture of the bases, than roofs. The work in this case is performed in the following order:
- The surface is thoroughly cleaned from dirt.
- Cold mastic is mixed until a homogeneous composition is obtained, the hot one is heated to a temperature of at least 160 g.
- Next, the tool is usually applied to the surface in two layers, the thickness of which on horizontal structures can reach up to 100 mm, on vertical ones up to 60 mm.
On roofs, bitumen mastics are used mainly as glue for roofing felt.
Modern roll and bitumen waterproofingmaterials are reliable and durable. Easy installation combined with not too high cost make them very popular. At the moment, these two types are used for waterproofing various structural elements of buildings most often. At the same time they are used both in private housing construction, and in industrial.
