The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland affects thethe formation of benign education in women, which is called pituitary adenoma. Symptoms in women, treatment, prognosis and possible consequences of this serious disease require detailed consideration.
The pituitary gland itself is a vitalgland, the state of which is directly proportional to the balanced hormonal background of the human body. This is one of the most common diseases in the brain tissue. Pituitary adenoma is ascertained in 10 cases out of 100 different types of original tumors. In addition, statistics are not encouraging: 20% of women who have crossed the 30-year mark suffer from pathological manifestations of the functions of the pituitary gland in various forms.
Mostly adenomas area variety of tumors that do not have morphological signs of cancer. Nevertheless, without the necessary treatment, the likelihood of adenoma degenerating into a malignant tumor is quite large. However, more danger it can deliver to the adjacent parts of the brain. They are at risk of being crushed by a neoplasm that is prone to germination, which usually leads to endocrine disorders, neurological complications, impairment of hearing and vision.
Despite certain advances in medicine,modern researchers can not accurately determine the reasons for the emergence of pituitary adenoma. Symptoms in women caused by this pathology can help in determining the sources of the disease and narrow the range of provoking risk factors in each case.
Some scientists believe that unnaturalthe growth of glandular tissue occurs due to the low productivity of the peripheral parts of the endocrine system of the body or with increased production of hormones by the hypothalamus. It follows that the causes of pituitary adenoma in women have a diverse nature of origin, and the most common and reliable doctors include:
• transferred intracranial lesions (concussions, bruises, hemorrhages);
• infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system (meningitis, polio, tuberculosis, encephalitis, syphilis, etc.);
• intrauterine complications;
• regular intake of oral hormonal contraceptives;
• radiation exposure;
• changing the structure of DNA at the genetic level.
Often at risk are not onlywomen, but also men who have a hereditary predisposition or at least one of the above diseases that stimulate the appearance of a tumor. At the same time, pituitary adenoma in women (what it is, many people know, who happened to face this problem in life) are often provoked by neoplasia, which has been firmly established over several generations of one family. Cases of the development of this disease in children up to adolescence practically do not occur.
Разнообразием симптоматики отличаются все benign tumors that develop in the brain, including pituitary adenoma. Symptoms in women appear depending on the type of the disease, which are divided according to the following main criteria:
• type of adenoma - functional (producing hormones) or non-functional (passive);
• tumor size - macroadenomas (more than 10 mm) and microadenomas (up to 10 mm).
Manifestations of non-functional tumors directlydepends on what size the pituitary adenoma will be. Symptoms in women, treatment, prognosis of these diseases of the brain depend on the degree of tumor growth. A large tumor has a strong squeezing effect not only on the gland itself, but also on other closely located brain structures. The severity of pathological phenomena is determined by the degree of pressure of the neoplasm.
Functionally active pituitary tumor alsomay increase in diameter. At the same time, the patient is threatened with complications simultaneously from hormonal oversupply and symptoms associated with squeezing with an enlarged tumor.
Signs of pituitary adenoma in women, characteristic of non-functional type of tumors (more than 1 cm):
• Difficulties arise with the definition and perception of colors, shades; all visible objects appear sick, inexpressive and dull.
• Visual acuity is lost, as the growing tumor, striving forward, touches the optic nerve. The surrounding objects become blurred for the patient, as if with blurred edges.
• Lost the ability to look side vision. In this case, the loss of peripheral vision can be detected only with a complex form of the disease.
It is also important thatA benign formation, having reached a certain limiting value, can interfere with the pituitary gland in carrying out its natural functions, which often leads to pituitary insufficiency. In addition, patients should pay attention to the nature, frequency and frequency of symptoms that causes pituitary adenoma in women. The consequences of the disease in pituitary insufficiency are different in each individual case. Often women do not even pay much attention to the following features:
• infertility (this diagnosis is made due to an intensive reduction of sex hormones produced);
• hypothyroidism (worsening or complete lack of appetite, uncharacteristic fatigue, weight gain, absent-mindedness);
• irregular menstrual cycle (changes in the nature of the manifestation of menstruation, reduction of discharge and duration of flow);
• adrenal insufficiency (reduced production of the hormone cortisol);
• galactorrhea (when breastfeeding).
Symptoms of the disease occur depending onof which cells formed the functional active pituitary adenoma. Symptoms in women, treatment, prognosis and the chances of a successful recovery depend on which hormone is produced in excess. It is worth noting that when conducting diagnostics by physicians most often non-functional tumors are detected. Hormonally active pituitary tumors manifest themselves as follows:
• increased thyroid stimulating hormone;
• increase adrenocorticotropic hormone;
• increased prolactin;
• increase in somatotropic hormone.
A lot of inconvenience and discomfort brings to the sickit is the last sign of the disease that is present, which can cause hormone-active pituitary adenoma. Symptoms in women (photo presented for clarity) with increased production of growth hormone are manifested in a marked increase in arms and legs.
The main principle on which the whole is basedThe medical process is not only a positive effect on a benign neoplasm, but also the elimination of adverse symptoms, the negative effects of a tumor.
For many cancers that havenon-malignant nature (such as pituitary adenoma in women), medication-based treatment can be quite effective. However, this applies only to pathologies identified in the early stages of development.
In most cases, this treatment methodinvolves the use of drugs that block growth hormone receptor receptors. Radiosurgery and neurosurgical operation should be referred to more complex treatment options. Radiosurgical intervention is optimal only as a last resort and is used with insufficient effectiveness of the surgical process.
Neurosurgical surgery takesabout two hours. Penetration into the skull through the nasal passage. Using a specially designed microscope and other necessary tools, the surgeon reaches the pituitary gland. Upon completion of the operation, the patient will be under the supervision of specialists in the intensive care unit for about 24 hours. The next day, in case of successful operation and satisfactory reaction of the body, the patient will be transferred to the general ward. Eating food during the first day is contraindicated, but at the end of the first day it is allowed to drink water in sips, then try to get up and walk. As a rule, the treatment of most such diseases with the help of neurosurgical intervention is completed successfully and is characterized by a rapid rehabilitation period. Is no exception, and pituitary adenoma. Symptoms in women who have been surgically treated can be postoperative in nature and can be expressed for some time with dizziness, nausea.
Chances of recovery are primarily related tohow big was the pituitary adenoma. Symptoms in women, treatment, prognosis for recovery, the possible consequences - it all depends on the size of the neoplasm. The most accurate way to form a rehabilitation plan and objectively assess the possibility of recovery will allow fresh clinical indicators obtained as a result of re-examination. A significant role is played here by the conclusions of the surgeon, the ophthalmologist and the endocrinologist, necessary for drawing up a complete picture of the patient's condition.
Referring again to the statistics, you can seethat pituitary adenoma in women is amenable to complete recovery in 85 patients out of a hundred. Full restoration of visual abilities depends on how long the organs of vision have been impaired. With a short duration of the disease, the chances of recovery are quite high, but the visual function is unlikely to be returned in full in the event of a long course of such a disease as a pituitary adenoma in women. Whatever it means, the only task for a surgeon can be to maintain vision at least at the level at which the treatment was started.
