In everyday life, nasal bleeding is notis rare and can happen in both an adult and a child. At first glance, this is an absolutely harmless phenomenon, but in fact this may be a serious pathology. Faced with a similar situation, it is important to know what kind of first aid for nosebleeds should be given to the patient, because such a condition is very dangerous, and in some cases poses a threat to life.
A pathological condition in which blood is released from the nasal passages is called epitaxis. The phenomenon is quite common, it can occur at any age.
If seizures occur rarely, patientspractically do not seek medical attention and improvised means stop nasal bleeding. The reasons, first aid, treatment methods will be different in the case when relapses with large blood loss occur frequently and cause deterioration of health.
There are local and common causes of nosebleeds.
Local causes include:
Common causes:
Although pathology usually goes awayindependently (with the help of certain manipulations), first aid for nosebleeds should be provided in any case. It is advisable to do this as soon as possible so that blood loss does not cause a deterioration in general well-being.
In medical practice distinguish nasalbleeding at the site of localization, intensity, duration. In 90% of cases, pathology occurs in the Kisselbach zone (anterior section of the nasal septum with a choroid plexus). In this place the vessels are located close to the surface. Such bleeding is light and does not pose a danger to life.
With the rear localization of damaged largethe vessels excreted a significant amount of blood. First aid for nosebleeds in this case should be prompt and carried out by specialists. Intensive bleeding is almost impossible to stop on your own.
The intensity and volume of blood lost are distinguished:
When applying for a qualified medicalusing a specialist will conduct a primary examination and interview the patient. Sometimes produce a differentiated diagnosis in order to distinguish nasal bleeding from pulmonary or gastric.
To determine the type of pathology the doctor prescribesrhinoscopy (endoscopy of the nose). The procedure will allow to investigate the source of bleeding, to take the material for analysis, to produce microsurgical interventions. An x-ray is necessary if a fracture is suspected.
The most common cause of nasalbleeding in children - damage to the nasal cavity. Most often this happens when picking a finger in the nose, but it can also occur after a foreign object hits (small parts of toys, buttons). First aid for nosebleeds should be provided to the child on time.
In adolescence, the body undergoes increased loads (educational, physical, psycho-emotional) and hormonal alterations, which can also cause the development of pathology.
When assisting a patient with nose bleeding, the following rules should be followed:
Specialized first aid fornasal bleeding is necessary if it is not possible to stop it on its own within 20 minutes. In this case, the patient must call (without fail) an ambulance.
A patient with nose bleeding cannotto lay. This situation will only increase the secretion of blood, which can get into the lungs or esophagus. It is also forbidden to blow your nose to release the nasal passages from blood clots. This will lead to the breakage of a blood clot and re-bleeding.
First aid for nosebleeds in childrenno different from that of adults, but parents need to coordinate the actions of the child. If the cause of the pathology is hit by a foreign object, it is forbidden to get it yourself. Any such manipulation can further damage the mucous surface and increase bleeding.
If used to stop bleedinga tampon, it must be moistened with hydrogen peroxide before removing it from the nostrils. Pulling out a dry tampon, you can damage the formed blood clot, and the blood will go again.
Medical attention should be sought whenfrequent recurrences of nosebleeds. Also, indications are vomiting with blood in the patient, high blood pressure, the presence of pathologies affecting the formation and coagulation of blood, nasal injuries, great blood loss.
В тяжелых случаях показана специализированная first aid. When nosebleeds, which lasts more than 20 minutes, hospitalization of the patient is necessary. Drug therapy will be chosen by the doctor depending on the type of pathology. Hemostatic agents can be prescribed intramuscularly (intravenously) or orally.
Blood clotting increase:
You can influence the problem with the help of traditional medicine recipes. Such plants as shepherd's purse, nettle, yarrow, have hemostatic properties.
In rare cases, when first aid for nasalbleeding and drug therapy do not give positive results, surgery is shown. The simplest surgical method of stopping the discharge of blood from the nasal cavity is cauterization of the mucous surface (coagulation) with a laser, electricity, ultrasound, liquid nitrogen or special substances (silver nitrate in solution, trichloroacetic acid).
Depending on the severity of nasal bleeding and the frequency of relapses, they may prescribe the introduction of lidocaine or Novocain under the nasal mucosa, or ligation of blood vessels.
