Medical technology of today givesthe ability to make partial or full replacement of diseased human organs. Sound amplifier for hearing impaired people, electronic heart rate driver, made of special plastic lens - these are just some examples of the use of technology in the field of medicine. Biological prostheses, which are set in motion with the help of miniature power supplies that react to the biocurrents of the human body, are becoming more common.
In the process of complicated surgical interventionsinvaluable assistance to doctors have "Artificial Lung", "Apparatus for artificial blood circulation" and other artificial organs. They assume the functions of systems undergoing an operation, allowing them to temporarily suspend their operations.
As practice shows, today there is a lot ofpeople suffering from disorders in the work of the heart valves (insufficiency or contraction). It is possible to reconstruct or replace the affected valve with an artificial heart valve. For these purposes, apply modern biological or mechanical prostheses.
The device "Artificial heart" entered into medical practice. However, he cannot fully replace the present.
The artificial heart is a four-chamber prosthesis.with saccular type ventricles. The model has a right and left half. Each of them consists of an artificial atrium and ventricle. The components of the latter are the working chamber, housing, output and inlet valves. Silicone rubber and a layering method are used to make the case. According to the technology, the matrix is immersed in a liquid polymer, taken out, then dried. So until a multi-layered flesh is created on its surface. The working chamber has a similar shape. For its manufacture used latex rubber and silicone. The working chamber has a design feature - its wall thickness is different and there are passive and active sections in them. The design was calculated in such a way that contact of the opposite walls of its working surface is excluded, even in the case of full voltage of the active sections. This prevents injury of the uniform blood elements. Russian scientists continue to work on the creation and improvement of the available prosthesis design.
Quite expensive overseas system“Artificial heart” allows the patient to wait for a year operation. The device is equipped with a case where there are two ventricles. Outdoor service, consisting of a monitor monitor, a computer located at the doctors in the clinic. At the patient's home batteries, power supply. Charging is done from the network. In this case, the main task of the patient is to monitor the green indicator, indicating the state of the batteries.
In order for the “Artificial Heart” to be used as a constantly functioning apparatus, it is necessary that it:
- had a small size;
- regulates the release in accordance with the requests of the body;
- provided the necessary release of blood;
- easily sterilized;
- ensured the flow of blood without any sharp shocks, in order to avoid hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells).
Today, only devices have been developed, completelyreplacing the ventricles. During transplantation, the two lower heart chambers are connected to the upper (auricles). Pre-amputation of the replaced ventricles.
The life expectancy of a patient who was first made a long-term organ transplant was 112 days. Then the artificial heart made thirteen million blows.
