Oxalates in the urine of healthy people can be notedonly in small quantities. The increase of these salts most often speaks of malnutrition, as they enter the body with food. Less often, oxalaturia is a consequence of pathologies of the intestine, vitamin deficiency or hypervitaminosis and other diseases. If an increase in the index of oxalates is found in the analysis of urine, this is a forerunner of urolithiasis. Excessive amounts of these salts can trigger an attack of renal colic. If the kidneys have already formed oxalate stones, then it is very difficult to get rid of them. These deposits are not amenable to dissolution and fragmentation. Therefore, oxalaturia must be treated in the early stages, until it has passed into a severe urolithiasis.
The crystals of oxalate in urine are saltsOxalic acid, which enters the gastrointestinal tract from food. Then in the body this compound comes into contact with calcium. There is a chemical reaction of binding. As a result, calcium oxalates or calcium oxalate salts are formed.
If salts (oxalates) in urine are observed inincreased quantity for a long time, then over time they turn into stony deposits. These are quite dangerous formations in the kidneys. Oksalatnye stones have a rough structure and a lot of sharp protrusions on the surface. They can seriously injure the epithelium of the kidneys, which leads to the appearance of blood in the urine. Therefore, if the analysis showed an increase in the number of oxalates, then it is necessary to review your diet and take a course of therapy from a urologist.
These salts can be detected using conventionalclinical analysis of urine. They are determined by microscopic examination of the urine sediment. The norm of oxalate in urine in an adult is from 0 to 40 mg, and in a child - from 1 to 1.5 mg. If the amount of salts goes beyond these limits, then we can talk about oxalaturia. However, urologists believe that the level of oxalate above 25 mg already carries an increased risk of urolithiasis.
In deciphering urine analysis for oxalates, the normal index of these salts can be indicated as follows:
It is important to pay attention to otheranalysis: the number of white blood cells, the presence of protein, urate and phosphate. The acidity (pH) of the urine should also be considered. At a pH of 5 to 7 units, oxalaturia is usually not noted. If the urine has excessive alkalinity or acidity, the salts of oxalic acid precipitate. In this case there is an increase in oxalates.
Основной причиной повышенного содержания calcium oxalate in urine is an improper diet. Most often this is due to excessive consumption of products containing oxalic acid. These include:
Increase in the level of salts of oxalic acidcontributes to excessive consumption of tea, coffee, chocolate. Also, to oxalaturia may result in a deficiency of magnesium in the body, vitamin B6, an excess of ascorbic acid.
However, the cause of increased oxalate is not always eating disorders. The following pathologies can provoke such a deviation:
It is also possible to identify adverse factors,which aggravate the course of the oxalaturia. It is dehydration, increased sweating, living in a hot and humid climate, drinking water with a lot of mineral salts. Against the background of malnutrition, this can lead to the rapid development of oxalaturia in urolithiasis.
Oxalates in the urine of a child under 1 year of agemost often observed in genetic abnormalities. The cause of pathology can be a congenital enzymatic disorder (primary hyperoxaluria). In this disease, the baby develops a serious deviation in metabolism. The disease progresses and leads to the deposition of calcium in the kidneys and the formation of stones. Renal and vascular insufficiency and fragility of bones are noted.
In addition, the cause of oxalate in urine andbabies can become another genetic disease - malabsorption syndrome. In this case, the process of absorption in the digestive tract is disturbed, because of this, oxalic acid accumulates in the body. Oxalaturia is also noted in congenital disorders of the anatomical structure of the small intestine.
In children older than 6 years, oxalaturia is formed due to malnutrition, and it can be provoked by the same pathologies as in adults (diabetes, GI disease, etc.).
Oxalates in the urine during pregnancy are rare.Usually during the gestation of the fetus, the amount of oxalic acid in the body is reduced. However, there are cases of oxalaturia in pregnant women. The following factors may provoke this violation:
In addition, the cause of such a violation in pregnant women may be inflammatory diseases of the kidney and bladder.
In the decoding of the analysis can be specifiedan increased amount of urate and oxalate in the urine. What do these results mean? Urates are salts of uric acid. Together with oxalates, these compounds are released in large numbers most often with malnutrition. This happens if the patient consumes too much protein food. Another reason for the high content of urate and oxalate may be food rich in purines. These are by-products, yeast, fish and seafood, cocoa, chocolate.
In addition, the reason for the increase in the numberoxalates and urates is dehydration of the body. This is often observed in pathologies accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea. The level of salts of urinary and oxalic acid increases with kidney and gout.
Protein and oxalate in urine may appear afterphysical overstrain and hypothermia on the eve of the study of urine. A similar result of the analysis is also possible with infectious inflammation: hepatitis, scarlet fever, osteomyelitis. If the protein with oxalate is observed in pregnant women, it is most often associated with gestational nephropathy.
Нередко у пациентов повышены лейкоциты и оксалаты in the urine. What does it mean? Usually such indicators speak about inflammatory diseases of organs of excretion. This may be a sign of pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis. Leukocytes and oxalates are also increased with inflammation of the genital organs. In this case, mucus is found in the urine.
Phosphaturia is a secretion with urinephosphoric acid compounds of magnesium, calcium or lime. Often there is an increased amount of phosphate and oxalate in the urine. What do these analysis results mean? Most often this indicates the abuse of such food as sea fish, dairy products, dishes made from buckwheat and oatmeal. These products are rich in phosphorus.
The presence in the urine of a high content of phosphates andoxalates can also be a manifestation of parathyroid gland diseases, diabetes mellitus, leukemia and some pathologies of the psyche. Oxaluria in combination with phosphaturia in children up to 5 - 6 years is most often associated with a lack of vitamin D (rickets).
At an early stage of the pathology, the presence of oxalates in the urine does not affect the person's health. With a slight increase in calcium oxalate, this disorder is asymptomatic.
Even at the stage of urolithiasis, the pathology does notalways makes itself felt. Manifestations of the disease occur when acute oxalate stones are in the urinary tract. This is characterized by the following symptoms:
It is important to remember that such a state is dangerous. When blood appears in the urine and attacks of renal colic, you should urgently seek medical help.
При оксалатурии назначают прием препаратов с vitamin B6 and magnesium: "Pyridoxine hydrochloride", "Asparkam", "Magne B6". These medicines help to remove oxalate salts. During the course of treatment you need to monitor the level of hemoglobin, since magnesium can affect the iron content in the body.
To accelerate the excretion of salts are also used herbal preparations diuretic action: "Urolesan", "Uriflorin", "Kanefron", "Phytolysin."
To prevent the formation of stones, the drug "Cholestyramine" is prescribed. It reduces the absorption of oxalates and destroys already existing deposits.
Taking medication is necessary for a long time, since oxalates are difficult to dissolve and excrete.
Medicamental treatment mustsupplement strict diet. Without a proper diet, it is impossible to achieve the effect of therapy. It is necessary to exclude the use of the following products with a high content of oxalic acid:
Animal proteins are also limited, these substances have a bad effect on the composition of the urine. If oxalaturia is associated with intestinal diseases, then you need to eat as little fat food as possible.
At the same time, the diet should include dishes rich in vitamin B6 and magnesium: coarse bread, bran, nuts, cereals, parsley.
Calcium in the diet should not be limited, it can lead to brittle bones. This element does not affect the formation of oxalates. Therefore, milk, kefir, yogurt and cottage cheese are not contraindicated.
During the day, you need to drink from 2.5 to 3 liters of fluid. This will contribute to the removal of salts. It is useful to use mineral waters: "Truskavetsky", "Donat magnesium", "Yessentuki", "Borjomi".
To prevent the occurrence of oxalaturia,need to eat right. Leafy vegetables, fruits and berries are necessary, as they saturate our body with vitamins. However, these healthy foods should be consumed in moderation to avoid kidney problems.
It is necessary to try to move more and use enough liquid (at least 1.5 liters per day). This helps to flush out all harmful salts and sediments from the body.
If a person already has an increasedthe number of oxalates, it is necessary to regularly visit the urologist and take tests. Such patients are subject to dynamic observation. Continuous medical monitoring will help to avoid the progression of the disease and the development of urolithiasis.
