In this article, we will consider the symptoms of anorexia in girls. What is this disease? How does it manifest itself?
Anorexia is a specific syndrome indifferent embodiments, which arises under the influence of a known number of reasons and manifests itself in the complete lack of appetite in a person, despite the fact that there is a specific need for nutrition for the body itself. Symptoms of anorexia, manifested with actual metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, infectious and viral diseases, as well as with obvious mental disorders, will be considered in this article.
Before considering the featuresanorexia, it is necessary to dwell on what is meant by a condition that leads to anorexia, that is, to a protein-energy deficiency. Protein deficiency is the result of nutrition, this is due to energy imbalance, as well as protein imbalance and a lack of other types of nutrients, resulting in an undesirable effect that affects tissues and functions.
In case of anorexia, the protein-energy deficiencyoccurs against the background of insufficient food intake. It can also reveal such an organism condition due to dysphagia, diarrhea, chemotherapy, heart failure, radiation therapy, fever, medical treatment and other influences that lead to protein deficiency. Anorexia nervosa often develops.
Symptoms of such a protein-energyInsufficiency is observed for a number of reasons. There is a decrease in weight in adults (which is not very noticeable in case of obesity or general puffiness), children do not have the necessary changes in terms of weight gain and growth.
Let's pay attention to the final consideration of the generalsymptomatology of the disease, which we were previously interested in. When anorexia (the so-called lack of appetite) in patients decreases weight, in addition, this disease can develop in parallel with another type of disease (mental, neurotic, somatic disorders). In the absence of appetite there is a stable character, which in this case manifests itself with nausea, and in some cases, vomiting when trying to eat. Along with this, there is a high "saturation", when a feeling of fullness of the stomach is present even with a small amount of eaten. This symptomatology can manifest itself as an unambiguous anorexia, but the symptoms of anorexia in women and signs of the general condition of the patient may be leading, or may be accompanied by a mass of other complaints. Diagnosis in this case directly depends on what signs of anorexia are available.
Anorexia may occur during the following conditions:
Note that the very definition of "anorexia"is used not only in the meaning of the symptom that represents the disease (lack of appetite), but this symptom also manifests itself in the form of a disease that, in fact, is anorexia nervosa. Symptoms and treatment are interrelated.
Патология характеризуется очень высокой степенью mortality among patients. Namely on the basis of some researches it is possible to specify precisely its indicator - 20%. It should be noted that about half of this percentage of such cases falls to the suicide of patients. And if you analyze the natural mortality against anorexia, then it happens for reasons of heart failure, which, in turn, is due to the general exhaustion that the body of the sick person has reached. About 15% are women who, being carried away by diets and obtrusive ideas of losing weight, come to a state in the course of which they manifest pathological psychic phenomena combined with anorexia. In many cases, anorexia is detected in young girls or adolescents. Following in the footsteps of the victims of drug addiction and alcoholism, anorexic patients do not observe the fact of having any abnormalities, just as they do not accept the severity level of this disease. Such a disease has the property to manifest itself in a number of variations.
Symptoms will be as follows.In such cases, situations are seen where there is no appetite in children and adults, depending on one or another reason, as well as the loss of hunger in hormonal disorders, neurological diseases and malignant tumors.
In this case, we mean a lower feelinghunger or its complete loss, which arose as a result of the zealous desire to lose weight (most often this kind of aspiration lacks the appropriate psychological justification) with an increased restriction of the volume of food intake. This kind of anorexia can lead to a number of serious consequences, which include cachexia and metabolic disorders. Thus, during the course of cachexia, patients completely exclude the fact that they have a frightening and repulsive appearance, in other cases patients feel great satisfaction when they achieve similar results.
Is allocated and anorexia mental (in other words- neuro-psychic or nervous cachexia). With this form of the disease, mental anorexia is observed as a state of loss of a feeling of hunger with total refusal of food due to a general decrease in appetite in a number of psychiatric diseases (depressive and catatonic states, delusions with regard to possible poisoning, etc.).
The first symptoms are easy to recognize.In this form, people experience a very difficult state of complete loss of the feeling of hunger during the waking period. The exceptional nature of this form of condition is that there are cases when patients encounter severe hunger during sleep.
In this form, situations are observed in whichpatients lose a sense of hunger and provoke this loss either involuntarily (for example, during the treatment of a disease), or consciously. In the latter state, all forces are aimed at gaining victory in the form of weight loss, use for this purpose appropriate drugs in which suppression of hunger occurs. In addition, in this case, anorexia is manifested as a side effect during the use of various drugs, antidepressants.
Состояния психической анорексии и болезненной mental anorexia were sufficiently considered for a general description of the reduced states. Most often it concerns her painful form, which is characterized by a common clinical picture.
Симптомами патологии являются раздражительность, sadness, sometimes excessive activity, a condition similar to euphoria is observed. Its signs are manifested in a constant social fear, therefore, are confirmed by the inability to share with others their attitude to food.
Also, the symptoms of anorexia include physical disorders such as:
Most often, it depends on the weight of a personself-esteem, but weighting is not always objective. Weight loss is always perceived as a victory, achievement of the set goals. And weight gain is characterized by a lack of self-control. This situation persists until the last stage of the disease. Self-medication and the prescription of medicinal and hormonal preparations can be dangerous to health. Such cases are no longer amenable to treatment.
How do symptoms of anorexia occur in pregnant women?
For women who have previously experiencedanorexia, and including bulimia in the form of eating disorders, the desire to become pregnant became an insurmountable difficulty. The reason for this situation is the fact that just such patients prefer artificial insemination more often than others, which, naturally, has an effect on the further reproductive function. Meanwhile, most often pregnancy appears with anorexia unplanned, therefore, not in all cases, this disease is characterized by infertility. With disrupted nutrition during pregnancy, miscarriage can occur, there is a risk of developing gestational diabetes - the after-birth pathology, which is chronic and characterized by high blood glucose.
During pregnancy, healthy women addin weight about 10-13 kg, which is required to ensure the qualitative development of the child's body. In many cases, pregnant women per day can consume about 2000 kcal, and in the last trimester - about 2200 kcal.
When anorexia is detected, it is very difficult to reconcile withsimilar facts. As a result of a significantly reduced body mass index in a pregnant woman, the risk of having a baby with a small weight arises, further exacerbating the situation if a woman smokes. Also in such cases, there is a risk of premature birth.
Symptoms and signs of anorexia should be promptly identified.
Basically, the diagnosis of anorexia is based on a comparison of common symptoms and the following symptoms:
As already noted, the causes, symptoms of anorexia and treatment are closely related.
Treatment of this disease in some cases, it is desirable to begin without reaching the stages of the appearance of serious forms of complications, which will lead to more rapid recovery, often even at a spontaneous level.
Тем не менее во многих случаях заболевание не recognized by patients, therefore, no one appeals for help. Severe forms imply the need for complex treatment, it can be both inpatient treatment, and drug therapy and psychotherapy (including for all family members of the patient). Among other things, the treatment takes place during a normal diet, during which the caloric intake of food is gradually increased.
During the first treatment phase, improvementoccurs when the physical condition is restored, which in turn halts the process of losing weight and the threat to life is eliminated, the patient is withdrawn from cachexia.
During the next, second stage, devoteattention to treatment with the use of drugs in combination with the methods of psychotherapy with a one-time distraction of the patient from his obsession with weight and appearance. They work on the appearance of self-confidence, self-recognition and the surrounding reality.
Anorexia relapse is a very frequent manifestation, so it is necessary to undergo several courses of therapy at once. A rare side effect of treatment is overweight or obesity.
When symptoms of anorexia are requireda systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment, it may be necessary to simultaneously consult several specialists: a neurologist, a psychologist, an endocrinologist, a gastroenterologist, an oncologist.
