Among human diseases, pneumonia, or pneumonia, is not the last place.
For infectious diseases, the entirethe respiratory system and, in particular, the lungs. If there is no nursing in therapy, airborne transmission most often involves the transmission of infection, however great the variety of modes of infection. That is why in the fight against many bacteria and viruses in the forefront are the upper respiratory tract. However, certain conditions - a violation of the qualitative composition of the air, high activity of the microbe, a decrease in immunity, etc. - contribute not to the localization of the infectious process only in the larynx, nasopharynx or trachea, and its spreading down. It is possible that the whole process will end only with bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi, their mucous membranes. But often the disease develops further, inflammation of the lung tissue occurs, pneumonia becomes ripe.
Nursing in antibiotic therapycharacter follows the following principles: treatment should begin immediately, it is necessary to take into account the type of pathogen and its susceptibility to the selected drug, to use the optimal mode of drug administration, which contributes to its necessary concentration in the lesion. After the normalization of body temperature, it is necessary to inject drugs for another 3-4 days.
In the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia,penicillins, macropide and cephalosporins. The method of administration and dosage of drugs depends on the severity of the disease. In hospital conditions, penicillin with clavulanic acid, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, third generation cephalosporins, etc. are also used. In case of pneumonia of unknown etiology, combined therapy of several antibiotics is prescribed.
The protracted nature of pneumonia involves the appointment of immunomodulating drugs: sodium nucleate, interferon. When intoxication appoint haemodesis, plasma, rheopolyglucin.
Acute respiratory failure in a patientrequires prompting for coughing, bronchoscopy evacuation of mucus and pus, inhalation of a mixture of air and oxygen in a ratio of 1: 1 (this is part of the nursing process for pneumonia). To improve bronchial patency, bronchodilin is prescribed, expectorants are potassium iodide, bromhexine, mucaltin. Acceleration of resorption of the inflammatory process, improvement of drainage function is provided by physiotherapeutic treatment: alkali inhalation, ascorbic acid electrophoresis, calcium chloride, etc. Also, mustard plasters are prescribed. A patient with asthenia can delay the process of stopping coughing, reducing shortness of breath. With the help of a nurse, the patient is trained in respiratory gymnastics and under supervision of the medical staff performs it twice a day. The use of complex treatment in the vast majority of cases leads to recovery of the patient and restoration of work capacity.
Nursing in therapy for preventionpneumonia provides general hygiene measures - isolating the sick, ventilating the premises, observing the working and eating conditions, etc., personal prevention - stopping smoking, hardening, physical training, and eliminating foci of infection - sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis, etc. Prevention of viral-bacterial pneumonia is timely implementation of activities directed against the epidemic: rational treatment of acute respiratory disease, bronchitis, tracheitis up to complete healing, timely vaccination against influenza. Sisterhood is responsible for prevention in medical institutions.
Acute pneumonia is a seriousonly for the patient, but also for the medical staff, a successful exit from which will become timely diagnosis of the disease, adequate treatment and careful care for the patient. That is why nursing is so important in therapy.
