Undoubtedly, the noble work of doctors, returningsick people health and saving them from death. Equally important is the work of nurses. Fundamentals of nursing were laid back in the XI century and for many years have undergone many changes. But the main postulate still remains unshakable - the ability of nurses to help the patient with all the strength to recover, and incurable - without suffering to die.
It is generally accepted that the nursingEnglishwoman Florence Nightingale. Indeed, she did incredibly much to properly organize the work of the medical staff. The activities of Florence and her associates in hospitals during the Crimean War contributed to a reduction in the number of wounded deaths from 42 to just over 2 percent. This is an amazing result! It was achieved due to the introduction of aseptic rules in wards, especially in postoperative and severe patients. In memory of this remarkable woman, a medal of her name was approved, which is considered the highest award for modern nurses, and the date of birth of Florence (May 12) is now celebrated as the International Holiday - Nurse's Day. There is even the so-called "Nightingale Syndrome", consisting in the emergence of medical personnel not related to the professional activities of feelings for their wards.
No matter how great the merit of Florence Nightingale,the practice of working as medical or, as they were said, nurses of charity, existed long before her. As early as the 11th century, the first women's care societies emerged. The story remembers the name of Elizaveta Tyurinengskaya, who built a hospital on her own money and organized a community of Elizabethan women, helping sick people, including lepers (with symptoms of leprosy, considered incurable and so contagious that even unfortunate relatives refused). She also built an orphanage, where they cared for sick orphans. This can be considered the first "swallow" of nursing in pediatrics.
In the same Crimean War, regardless ofactivity Nightingale, there was a fairly well organized nursing affair of our domestic nurses, as repeatedly mentioned by the famous Pavlov. They not only carried the wounded out of the battlefield, but also independently conducted operations, applied bandages, carried out treatment and controlled medicines. Currently, nursing nurses of the operating nurses include new functions, but its basis - ensuring the effective treatment of operable patients - has remained the same.
In the modern world every year there are newmedical technologies, medical processes are improved, more effective medicines are created. Each nurse must be aware of all these changes in order to adequately perform their professional duties. For this purpose, seminars and refresher courses are regularly organized at hospitals and polyclinics. Specialty "Nursing" can be obtained in a medical school or college. There are the following categories of nurses:
Each of the above positions has its ownSpecificity, the knowledge of which is obtained in the process of training and practice. Upon termination of study the certificate is issued. "Nursing" is the name of the specialty, and in addition to it, specialization is indicated.
The head physician appoints this positionmedical institution. Only those with medobrazovaniem not less than average, who have been practicing in operating and dressing rooms, can apply for it. Nursing in surgery is extremely responsible. The main functions here are complete preparation for the operation, and during it - the fulfillment of the instructions of surgeons. The professionalism of the nurse provides protection of the patient from surgical infections and trouble-free work of doctors.
Подготовка к операции заключается в стерилизации surgical instruments, according to the requirements of asepsis, and their location on the nursing table. Sterilization is also subjected to bathrobes, gloves, sheets. The duties of the operating nurse include providing the surgical workflow with all the necessary sterile material (bandages, cotton swabs, sutures, antiseptics, other necessary medicines) and checking the health of the medical equipment.
Nursing in surgery is not onlyResponsible, but also extraordinarily complex. The operating sister must have an absolute understanding of the progress of the forthcoming operation, in order to prepare for it without a single mistake. It is important even in what order she placed the instruments on her desk, because the surgeon focuses all attention on her manipulations at the site of the cut and is not distracted by such trifles as instructing her sister which item to give him. She should know this herself, and also be able to serve the instrument without violating his sterility. Choosing the optimal size of the needle, the desired thickness and length of the suture and checking it for strength are also functions of the operating nurse. At the end of the work process, her duties include inspection of all instruments, sending them to sterilization and preparing the patient for transportation to the ward.
In some cases, the operating nursehelps the surgeon as an assistant. Nursing in such situations is the production of manipulations that ensure the normal course of the surgical process. The nurse should be able to do blood transfusions, install and remove drainage, catheters, perform actions to stop bleeding, apply and remove stitches, assist the doctor in carrying out endoscopic examinations, take punctures, monitor the sending of the patient's material for further studies, surgically treat purulent and inflamed wounds, apply bandages and gypsum.
Of course, the patient's recovery depends not onlyon how well the work is done in the operating room. Nursing is also in the further care of the patient. Performed by his ward nurses. They provide hygiene of the patient, follow the healing of wounds, follow the doctors' orders, put drippers, give injections, give medicines, measure pressure, temperature, together with the diet nurse provide proper nutrition and supervise the work of the nurses in the ward to ensure all sanitary standards.
The duties of procedural nurses arethe maintenance of a procedural office in cleanliness, and all tools and the materials necessary for work, in the sterile condition. Of course, they must be able to perform all kinds of injections, draw blood for analysis, and prepare the patient for infusion therapy. To become a ward or procedural nurse, it's enough to finish special courses, after which exams are passed and a certificate is issued.
If the patient who is in the hospital -child, working with him has its own nuances. This nursing in pediatrics is significantly different from other categories. Small patients can not always clearly tell about their condition. Many of them do not know how to take care of themselves, they suffer incontinence. The child's psyche is very vulnerable and sensitive to any negative manifestation on the part of adults. Therefore, ward nurses in children's departments should be attentive, kind, sympathetic and patient. Their duties include:
Kind and affectionate attitude in the job description is not indicated, but these qualities in working with children are no less necessary than professionalism.
Sisterhood in pediatrics is not limitedonly work in hospitals. The activity of nurses in polyclinics is of great importance. Their duties include helping the doctor on the methods of patients and healthy children, keeping records for each child, keeping a record of dispensary patients and promptly inviting them for control examinations, writing prescriptions and certificates, providing the physician with the necessary medical material. Together with the doctor, district nurses carry out patronage of newborns and infants according to the existing standard schedule, as well as older children and toddlers as needed. In addition, the duties of nursing nurses include working with parents, conducting preventive conversations to protect children from infectious and other diseases.
