Hypotensive drugs are usedin those cases when it is necessary to lower blood pressure. It increases with hypertension, as well as with symptomatic hypertension. Depending on the mechanism of its action, all these drugs are divided into vasodilators, antiadrenergics, angiotensin II antagonists, calcium antagonists and diuretics.
Hypotensive drugs - classification of drugs
Antiadrenergics have their ownthe effect on the sympathetic nervous system is the drugs "Clofelin" and "Methildofa." These drugs directly affect the receptors of the central nervous system and thereby cause a decrease in pressure, a decrease in the pulse. Also these antihypertensives reduce the amount of renin in the plasma, have a sedative effect, and their disadvantage is the ability to retain sodium and water. If they are taken with diuretics, the effect will be much better. With reserpine, it is better not to take them so as not to cause drowsiness and depression. Elderly people need to be cautious about taking these drugs, as there may be depressions and collapoid conditions. If there is an abolition of methyldopha and clonidine, this is done gradually.
Gangliablikators include drugs"Benzohexonium", "Pentamine". They block the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve nodes. Since these antihypertensives block parasympathetic nodes, there may be paresis of the gallbladder, the appearance of dry mouth, impotence. After the injection, the patient should lie for at least 2 hours with a raised head, this is necessary to prevent orthostatic hypotension.
To postganglioblokatoram include such drugs"Oktadin", "Raunatin", "Reserpine". If the drug "Reserpine" is used, then its effect lasts for several weeks. It is better to take it with diuretics, since it also detains water and sodium in the body. The medicine "Raunatit" has an antiarrhythmic effect, and after taking the drug, nasal congestion and drowsiness may appear.
Such antihypertensives asalfa-adrenoblockers, act quickly and briefly, so they are usually used in the onset of hypertensive crisis. These are such drugs as "Tropafen", "Fentolamin" and "Piroxan". After the introduction of these drugs, the patient also needs to lie down for 1.5-2 hours. These drugs can cause dizziness, tachycardia, itching, swelling of the nasal mucosa, vomiting and diarrhea. It is impossible to take them in the presence of ischemic disease, violations of the blood circulation of the brain and heart failure.
Beta-adrenoblockers reduce the number of heartbeats and have a sedative, disaggregant and vasodilating effect. These antihypertensives are effective at high systolic blood pressure.
Vasodilators are divided into venous andarteriolar. Representatives of arteriolar drugs are "Minoxidil", "Diazoxide", "Apressin". The venous and arteriolar sodium dilator after intravenous administration has a noticeable effect, as the peripheral vessels expand, and the peripheral resistance decreases.
Hypotensive drugs, such as antagonistsCalcium (preparations "Phenigidin", "Nifedipine", "Corinfar") cause a decrease in pressure after half an hour after their intake, and the maximum effect is observed after an hour and lasts up to 6 hours. After their application, there are reddening of the hands, neck, face; possibly the appearance of drowsiness, headache, swelling of the legs. Do not take these drugs during pregnancy.
In the treatment and prevention of hypertensionthe disease must adhere to low-fat diet, regularly give the body moderate physical activity, enough sleep and, if necessary, take sedatives.
