In some cases, a preliminary medical examinationis a prerequisite for hiring. The conditions for its conduct are dictated by the established legislation. The purpose of the survey is to protect the health of the worker directly and those who are contacted in the work environment.
There are cases of ignoring rules and order.conducting inspections. This can occur on the part of both the employer and the employee. It is necessary to figure out in what cases and who need to undergo a physical examination.
Routine inspections of workers - complextherapeutic and prophylactic measures taken to identify deviations in health, prevent the development and spread of diseases. Depending on how often preventive medical examinations are carried out, they are classified as follows:
Each type has a specific purpose, dates, testimony, order, the required documentation.
Applicants must passsurveys throughout the entire period of work in accordance with the position held. This is carried out in order to confirm the professional suitability of the employee and in time to prevent or detect a developing preventive disease.
Health - a state of complete mental,physical, social, and mental well-being, not just the absence of disease. Its level varies depending on many internal and external factors. Periodic medical examination reveals the dynamics in changes in health that occur under the influence of factors of labor. Identification of problems allows you to take the necessary measures in the early period of the development of pathology.
Medical examination has the following features:
The list of works for which routine inspections are mandatory, as well as the frequency of examination:
According to the law, every personoccupying a position in an enterprise has the right to an extraordinary examination in accordance with medical recommendations, during which time he will be retained in his position and salary.
Passage of this type of physical examination does not have a fixed periodicity. Conducted in two cases:
Based on the statement of the worker or letter toHealth facilities of the enterprise administration issue an order for referral for an extraordinary examination. The document indicates the period during which the examination will take place, data on the medical institution (name, address, location of the enterprise) and the amount of the salary for the period of absence of the employee.
In addition, all costs of an extraordinary inspection are borne by the employer, regardless of who initiated the appeal to the health care facility.
A preliminary medical examination is conducted forin order to assess the state of health of the applicant for the purpose of employment, its compliance with the future incumbent position, and also to reveal the presence of diseases at the time of employment.
The following groups are subject to compulsory examination:
On the basis of government orders approvedlists and regulations that are the basis for conducting a survey of employees: on harmful and hazardous substances, work and specialties, general and highly specialized contraindications of a medical nature, on the procedure and rules for conducting examinations.
To the person entering the work, the administration of the enterprise issues a referral for a physical examination. It contains the following data:
Документ подтверждается подписью уполномоченного persons, indicating his surname, first name, patronymic and position. The employee is issued under the signature, and the authorized person keeps records of issued directions.
After receiving a referral, the employee addresses tospecified medical institution. Preliminary and periodic medical examinations are supervised by a general practitioner who independently summarizes a comprehensive examination.
Other narrow specialists involved in the examination:
From laboratory and functional methodsThe examinations are performed annually with radiography of the lungs, electrocardiography, blood tests for syphilis, bacteriological smears for gonorrhea, carriage studies for intestinal diseases and helminthiasis.
Women examines a gynecologist, takes smears oncytological and bacteriological examination, and after 40 years, breast ultrasound, mammography and mammologist consultation are mandatory. Men undergo an oncological examination at the urologist with a digital examination of the rectum.
It is mandatory to pass a complete blood count,specifying the level of formed elements, hemoglobin, color indicator, developed leukocyte formula, ESR. Clinical analysis of urine determines the presence of sugar and protein, specific gravity, sediment microscopy. A biochemical examination of blood.
For all categories of persons undergoing a preliminary medical examination, an examination of the state of health by a psychiatrist and a narcologist is mandatory.
According to the results of examinations of narrow specialists and clinical examinations, the therapist makes a decision on professional suitability, the presence or absence of systemic diseases.
Some working conditions require psychiatricexamination, and not just an examination by a psychiatrist, conducted in the context of a routine medical examination. The survey is conducted by the following persons:
Процесс освидетельствования проходит в specialized institutions licensed for such activities. The commission consists of 3 specialists. The legislation says that a medical examination by a psychiatrist is voluntary, but in case of refusal to undergo an examination, the administration of the enterprise has the right to refuse a person to be employed.
In order to be examined, specialists includedas a member of the commission, they may request additional information from the administration of the enterprise, about which the employee is informed. The decision is made by voting and issued in writing within three days.
According to the results of the survey, the commission has the right to recognize the worker as unsuitable for performing a certain type of activity (up to 5 years), but with the possibility of further re-examination.
Preliminary medical examination by a narcologistconsists of three stages: direct examination, psychological testing, laboratory examination of blood. Drug testing allows you to identify possible signs of the disease, and if they are found, the employee is sent to the hospital for further examination.
In the absence of problems, a certificate is issued confirming the passage of a routine examination. The document conforms to the set pattern.
The examination by a narcologist is carried out at the place of registration or in regional centers (for villagers). The expenses are paid by the company that sent the employee for examination.
Лицо, которое будет проходить предварительный medical examination, the health facility provides the direction received from the employer, proof of identity (birth certificate, passport), health certificate (if available), the decision on psychiatric examination (in cases established by law).
Medical examination of workers requires the preparation of certain documents. It:
Mandatory medical examination of workers requires the fixation of the final decision, according to the results of which the employer will be able to employ a specialist. The following information is indicated in the conclusion:
The conclusion is signed by the therapist, pointing personaldata and assuring personal seal and seal of the medical institution. The document is drawn up in several copies, one of which is entered into the employee's outpatient card, and the other is issued to him.
Under the law, all costs for mandatorypreliminary and periodic medical examinations are the responsibility of the employer. Costs are classified as those that provide normal working conditions and safety measures and are documented.
Budget or private enterprise, employeeswho will participate in medical examinations, concludes an agreement with a health care institution that has a corresponding license. Payment takes place in stages. 30% of the cost of services is paid in advance, and the final payment takes place on the basis of the survey.
The administration of the enterprise not only has the rightbut it is also obliged not to allow an employee who did not undergo a medical examination without a valid reason to work or be employed. In case of evasion from the preventive examination, the employee is suspended from the labor process without saving wages. Timely inspection allows not only to preserve the health of the worker, but to prevent the development of possible diseases.
