О том, что такое сидераты, знают опытные farmers. To take more from the soil, you need to give it back to her. To restore the composition of the soil and its permeability are used plants that meet these requirements. This article provides information on how to properly enrich the land with the help of natural ingredients.
Издавна люди понимали, что для восстановления exhausted soil he needs rest. During the dormant period, the abandoned areas accumulated useful substances from plants that layered on the surface, rotted, and turned into compost. The roots of wild grass prevented the soil from washing out, microorganisms and worms fed on them, which, in turn, contributed to the accumulation of nitrogen. When such plots were developed for planting crops, they rewarded farmers with rich harvests. To some extent, this sheds light on the question we are discussing about what siderats are. It can be said that these are plants representing organic fertilizer, normalizing the condition of the soil. The basis of this method of farming laid an important principle - the land should not be bare.
Since science does not stand still, duringBotanical studies have found that some plants have increased siderate properties. As the boundaries of farmland expanded, there was a need for accelerated land restoration. The task was to find plants characterized by intensive growth and powerful green mass. Thanks to new discoveries, many farmers have gained a deeper understanding of what siderats are and how important they are in agriculture. Secrets on the use of natural fertilizers revealed for themselves and many gardeners. Some of them successfully sow them in beds with vegetable crops and free land plots. Select the main characteristics of these plants:
The benchmark in choosing a suitable plant is the family to which it belongs. There are the following groups of siderate cultures:
From the general list of sideratov best selectdifficult, like universal, that would be suitable for all cultures. Each plant has its own requirements and preferences. And some enrichment cultures may even badly affect a particular plant. For example, after cruciferous cabbage can not be planted, because it also belongs to this family. Such precursors will only serve to spread their common pests and diseases.
Идеальным сидератом для кислой почвы является phacelia Fuming and mixing with the top layer of soil, it neutralizes the acidic reactions in its environment. In gardeners, it is famous for its accelerated growth rate, perfectly loosens the soil and attracts honey-bearing insects.
Perennial cultures have proven themselves toas good orderlies. They have a strong root system, and after the next mowing of green mass, they begin to bush again. These include clover and alfalfa. It would be advisable to sow them in depleted areas for a long period of cultivation in the space provided. The mowing process is carried out throughout the entire growing season. At the last stage of enrichment, crushed greens and roots are buried in the ground. Below is an overview of the most popular cultures.
It is a hydrophilic plant that improves aeration.ground. It becomes light, permeable, and its acidity indices decrease to neutral. Growing phacelia as a siderata is becoming increasingly popular among gardeners. This culture is universal and has a positive effect on all types of vegetables and berries. In addition, it is worth paying attention to its unpretentiousness, drought resistance, quick dialing of the ground part and frost resistance. Phacelia likes peat, sandy or clayey soil, but can grow on rocky.
У фацелии мясистый ствол и крепкие листья, в tissues which contain phytoncides. These substances inhibit the formation of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, putrefactive bacteria, as well as late blight and scab. In addition, the plant protects vegetables from aphids, wireworm, moths and nematodes. The field with phacelia looks unusually beautiful. It blooms profusely - lilac fluffy hats inflorescences always attract the eye of passers-by.
Cereals do well in manysoil types, but they will bring great benefits on acidic soil. With their help, you can turn loamy and sandy areas into fertile land, achieve permeability and accumulation of nitrogen and potassium. Oats as siderat sow for healing and loosening the soil. In particular, it enriches the earth with such macronutrients as potassium and phosphorus. Thanks to a powerful root system that can change the structure of a heavy soil, water and air can easily penetrate into its deeper layers. If the grass is sown along with vegetable crops on light soil, it will protect its upper layer from erosion and provide the plants with moisture.
Oat roots contain a substance that canprevent the growth of bacteria. Using this plant siderat for several years, you insure your garden against pathogens of fungal infections and root rot. Meanwhile, it is important to remember that crops for soil enrichment need to be changed periodically. In order to sufficiently saturate the earth with essential trace elements, especially nitrogen, oats are combined with other fast-growing crops, such as peas or vetch.
How Siderate Mustard is the most famousA plant at amateur gardeners. She won her position due to the unpretentiousness and availability of seed material. Green biomass is widely used as a fertilizer, burying it in the ground. It attracts a large number of beneficial microorganisms that quickly process it and turn it into soil. Very deep roots structure the soil well and make it porous. Substances that produce a nutrient system, detrimental effect on the wireworm.
If in early spring you sow mustard in the area of tree trunks, then during its flowering, as well as the flowering of the fruit plants themselves, honey insects will fly to its scent.
When planting in the autumn, the culture after the snow melts will trap moisture. This will prevent the earth from cracking and wind erosion.
Mustard as a siderat serves as a good defense againstharmful grass - where it grows, weeds simply do not appear. In order for the plant to fulfill all its functions, it should be sown only in moist soil.
Since the potato is called the second bread, thisculture is often grown in large quantities. Being a monoculture, it significantly depletes the soil. Often it is not always possible to make a crop rotation, so the problem is solved by sowing auxiliary crops. To achieve maximum results, prepare certain mixtures from different seeds of siderates. For potato plants are selected based on what conditions can provide him concomitant culture. After all, for the normal formation of tubers need a well-structured soil. Potatoes are prone to many diseases, so they need a satellite that can suppress specific infections. It is also important the presence of trace elements in the biomass of sideratny plants. Consider the characteristics of individual crops and some mixtures:
Siderates for potatoes should be alternated. Even the most suitable plant eventually goes into the status of a monoculture and does not have a positive effect on the soil.
It is necessary to follow the rules of agrotechnology when sowing seeds. Too dense landings, as well as thinned ones, will not give proper results. Seed consumption is always indicated on the package.
And most importantly - green fertilizers can not be brought to the stage of flowering. Biomass is cut off during the period of milk maturity. Old, coarse raw materials will rot very slowly and can cause a lot of damage.
Before you buy green manure for the garden, you needdetermine what tasks you are going to solve with green fertilizers. Consider what you need to pay attention to not make a mistake in choosing a culture:
Novice gardeners often wonderwhen to sow siderats. Seeding of plant-dressers can be carried out both before planting the main crop and after harvesting it. The only thing - you need to figure out which type of natural fertilizer is suitable for a particular season. About it further.
The earliest include spring rape, phacelia,rape and mustard. They are good precursors for tomatoes and peppers. Landing green manure is easy: you need to calculate the number of seeds on the allotted land area, scatter them on the site and level the surface with a rake. When the plants gain enough green mass, it should be put on fertilizer before the budding process. There are three ways to use biological fertilizer:
Чаще всего под зиму сеют горчицу или рожь.In the fall, siderata grown after harvesting the main crops. Usually this time falls on a period that lasts from the end of August until the beginning of October. Rye removed before the cold until the earing. It is cut in the area of the tillering knot and left in the garden. Mustard grows to the frost and even during the first snow. It is usually left until spring. In March, its tops are mowed with a flat-cutter, or the main plants are planted right along its remains.
После уборки ранних овощей можно выращивать и other types of green fertilizer. Choosing a green manure for the garden, you should always consider the term of their full development. If you understand that the cold weather is still far away, then sow heat-loving plants. For example, after harvesting early potatoes or garlic, phacelia, oil radish, and spring rye will have enough time to grow. These are suitable predecessors for cucumbers.
Now that you know what siderats are,Feel free to use these plants to heal the soil. Organic farming methods significantly increase the amount of the harvested crop. With proper and regular application of natural fertilizers, you save your garden from the accumulation of nitrates, since this method of restoring the soil frees the farmer from the use of chemicals.
