The goal of every vegetable grower is to get goodquality harvest. Any culture has its own characteristics of cultivation. Terms of planting and harvesting are interrelated. And the desire to receive products earlier is understandable. There are various ways to speed up the ripening of vegetables. The selection of ultra early varieties and hybrids, as well as the cultivation of seedlings, can reduce the time for onion production. Winter onions are a relatively new promising method that does not require special expenses, allowing to get high-quality early turnip harvest.
Выращивать озимый лук, посадка и уход за которым differ from the traditional spring cultivation, on the shoulder of any vegetable grower, even a beginner. This method, while observing certain technological methods and requirements, makes it possible to obtain a larger turnip compared with spring onions, as well as to increase its yield. Plants are more resistant to major diseases and less prone to marksmanship. This method contributes to obtaining early products. Terms of ripening are reduced by 1-1.5 months. Rassadny way maturity ahead of 2-3 weeks. There is no need for storage in the winter of onion sting.
Как вырастить озимый лук?The cultivation technology is based on the use of short and medium day varieties with good winter hardiness. The ratio of light and dark days is a factor influencing the development of plants. This technology provides for the stimulation of the formation of turnips under the condition of a short day and relatively low temperatures.
When to plant winter onions? Plants should go before winter with a strong leaf part. A green feather should have at least seven. To this end, the dates of sowing seeds and planting seedlings are determined.
The autumn period is preparatory tocold season. Regular fertilization at this time will allow the soil to accumulate a sufficient amount of nutrients. Winter onions should already be well formed before the onset of winter.
The described culture requires compliancebiological and technological requirements. When choosing a site should take into account the conditions of crop rotation. Growing winter onions for several years in a row in one place is unacceptable. The best predecessors will be such crops as cereals, cruciferous families, corn, cucumber, tomato. Onions should not be planted after plants such as parsley and celery, potatoes and beans.
Важным является качественный состав грунта.Winter onions are placed on fertile, with good drainage qualities, with low acidity of the soil. Before planting, mineral (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and organic fertilizers (humus) are introduced. Do not use fresh manure. Be sure to remove weeds.
Теперь определимся, когда сажать озимый лук.Landing dates should be given special attention. The future harvest depends on their observance and correct technology. Crops are carried out in the period from 15 to 25 August. Sevok planted four weeks before the onset of frost. Plants must have time to take root.
Как сажать озимый лук?It depends on the correct planting how it will overwinter the plant. If you do not follow certain rules aimed at increasing the winter hardiness of the crop, some plants may freeze, which will lead to a decrease in yield.
Seeds of winter onions are sown in ribbonfour-line or three-line method. The distance between the rows is 35 cm. Before sowing, carefully prepare the area for winter onions. Planting and care during the sowing period is often characterized by adverse weather conditions. Usually at this period there are elevated temperatures and drought. Therefore, you should use only high-quality seed, which is treated with growth promoters or pre-soaked.
Onions sevka winter plant rows, the distance betweenwhich is 40 or 45 cm. The depth of planting onions is 3-6 cm. Between them maintain a distance of 5-6 cm. Sevok choose small size up to 1 cm in diameter. It tolerates cold winters and practically does not have a winter bow. Planting and care must be carried out with respect to the depth of sowing and embedding of sevka. Shelter crops for the winter also stimulates the safety of plants at low temperatures. They should not be thickened. Winter onion beds mulch for the winter. Before that, they spud. Straw is used as a covering material, as well as white agrofibre.
После таяния снега снимают мульчирующий материал from the site where winter onions grow. Perform feeding. Further care is to loosen the spacing and remove weeds. Produce regular hydration. This contributes to the rapid development of plants.
Winter onions are disease resistant.However, even a small manifestation of an infection in the autumn period significantly reduces the winter-hard qualities and can lead to freezing of the plants. Such diseases include peronosporosis. Infection overwinters on affected plants. In the autumn, fungicides are used against it. In early spring, re-treatment. Exceptions are plants designed for green feather. Their spring is not treated. The main pest is the onion fly, but it does not cause significant damage to winter crops. When a pest occurs, fungicides with a short period of action are used.
What varieties can be used to grow winterbow? Planting and care are designed for planting short day plants. This requires special varieties that are different from those that are suitable for spring-growing onions. The use of spring varieties is unacceptable, the plants will freeze. Most of these onions with the onset of spring heat throw arrow. These landings can be used on a green feather. In this case, the surviving planting material does not please the harvest.
Let us dwell on several varieties of winter onions,which are popular with vegetable growers. Currently, there is a high-quality seed of domestic and foreign selection for sale.
For winter growing good performanceplants differ early ripe and winter-hardy. Among domestic it should be noted a grade "Allan". It differs in early ripening terms. At rather good productivity differs in excellent quality and rather large turnip. Bulb weight reaches 90-100 g. They are round and slightly flattened, rich yellow in color. Plants are characterized by friendly growth and rapid bulb formation, high resistance to low temperatures and diseases. Sowing seeds produced in late August or early September. Already in May or early June, you can start harvesting.
Winter onions provide quality gardenersearly harvest. Variety "Wintering" early ripening. It has a high growth rate of the aerial part and the root system. High yield is combined with good quality bulbs. They have a rounded shape and a dark yellow color. The average weight of turnip is 90-120 g. It is characterized by relative resistance to major diseases. Weakly damaged by pests. Seeds are sown at the end of August. Harvest in late May or early June.
Among the varieties of foreign breeding can be identifiedthis hybrid. He is an early, Japanese type. It has a rounded shape. Medium sized bulbs reach 60 or 80 mm in diameter. The color of cover scales is golden. The commodity bulb is formed in late May or early June. The hybrid is resistant to bolting and has good winter-hardy qualities.
This winter onion is high yielding.He launched in Germany. Differs in early terms of ripening. From regrowth sevka to ripening commodity turnips enough 65-75 days. Hundred-bulb bulbs are quite dense, have excellent hellish qualities. The shape of the turnip is slightly flattened. Surface scales have a yellow-brown color. The variety is recommended for planting with sevka four weeks before soil freezes.
You should also pay attention to such varieties as "Troy", "Centurion", "Hercules", "Radar".
