In the construction market an abundance of materials forconstruction of the house, but the usual log houses are becoming popular again. Wood processing capabilities, environmental friendliness of the material, its thermal conductivity make it the best choice. While maintaining the technology of building a house and selecting a material in a home, there will always be comfortable humidity and temperature, the natural secretions of wood in the form of resin are only useful for a person.
Log houses fit perfectly into the natural landscape, look natural and peaceful, and the options of ready-made projects will satisfy even the most sophisticated taste.
First you need to decide what type oflogs will be built house. The construction of log houses in Russia is gaining momentum, and the popular material nowadays is round logs. It is machined, takes the ideal form and is assembled as a designer. It takes little time to build, this shrinkage almost does not give, but the processing logs remove the strongest layer - sapwood - and the surface is impregnated with antiseptics and various strengthening solutions.
A log cabin, or a “wild” log,will require a lot of processing time. Construction is best done during the winter months when humidity is constant. The construction will take up to 6 months, since each log must be customized individually, then another year the house will shrink. Only after that you can begin to insert the window and perform finishing work.
Log houses are also made of gluedtimber. Such material is not in all regions of Russia, but it is possible to build houses of any shape from it. The tree has already been processed, and no shrinkage is necessary.
The tree itself should pick conifers:pine and spruce are more convenient to process and due to the large amount of resin they are resistant to moisture and last longer. It is desirable that the tree was grown in the same area where the house is built - so the natural humidity will not change and the tree will give less shrinkage.
Стоит также учесть, чтобы бревна были uniform yellow or dark yellow, smooth cut without resin pockets and visible defects. Cracks from the end should not penetrate into the depth of more than a third of the diameter of the log.
The plot for the future house must be prepared andbefore that decide on the type of foundation. Log houses do not have much weight and do not require a strong foundation. Basically they use a concrete strip foundation, which is recessed to the depth of freezing, and there is also a variant of the foundation on concrete or on screw piles.
Если хотите сэкономить время, нервы и деньги, consult a builder who understands what log houses are. Projects ready to be found are not difficult, they have already calculated the amount of material and costs - this will also save time.
First you need to remove the vegetative layer ondepth 15-30 cm. Align the plot. If you have chosen screw piles, then you will not need more earthworks, you will need a trench for the strip foundation, and a well for piles.
The foundation on screw piles is simpler and cheaper, but in terms of reliability it is much inferior to its competitors, although with their use log houses are often built. The photo clearly shows this option.
For concrete piles and strip foundationsperform the filling of gravel and sand, install reinforcement cage and pour concrete. To compact the mixture, a vibrator is needed, and in general it is worthwhile to observe the technology of laying concrete for the long service life of the foundation.
Чтобы уберечь будущий дом от грунтовых вод, It is necessary to perform vertical waterproofing of the foundation, for example, coating, and horizontal. On the upper edge of the basement, rising to 30-50 cm above ground level, the roofing felt or any of its analogs.
The main task in the construction of the log house isthe issue of fixing the walls among themselves, as well as the elongation of logs. There are several mounting options. And they all apply when log houses are built. The photo shows one of them.
To save material, they fix logs so that theydo not protrude beyond the wall. However, there is a problem of additional protection of nodes, because the residues in the compounds play the role of a protective buffer. Changes in humidity they take over and protect the corner nodes. To extend the logs overlap.
The most common connection optionslogs among themselves are a simple bowl, comb and rump. In the construction of rounded logs, a simple bowl connection is used, it is the simplest in execution, but the comb and rump reduce the likelihood of cold bridges.
For fastening logs along the crown usePins are a rod of metal or wood. He holds the two crowns together. It is better if the nog is made of the same wood as the log houses. Projects provide for the exact location of holes for dowels and other types of fasteners.
Если решили возводить бревенчатый дом своими hands, it is worth preparing. A good tool is a guarantee of quality work! To build a wooden house, you need some tools. A small carpenter's ax will be very convenient for chopping knots, fitting parts and connections. Hand saw is required by default: what else to cut a tree? When a large amount of work is better to get more and electric or chainsaw. Electric drill is useful for drilling holes for pins. The tool for marking the cut in knots is a “dash”, or scriber. You also need a small hammer, and better kiyanka for hammering nog. A chisel will also not be superfluous if the insulation during the laying of logs is shifted and it will need to be returned to its place. Sometimes a construction stapler is used to fix the insulation.
Do not forget about the level, as it is worth controlling the horizontal position of the crowns each time.
We already have a foundation, it's time to raise the walls.It is impossible to lay logs at once, to distribute the load under the first crown, a plank of coniferous wood is laid, sometimes a timber 50–100 mm thick with a width up to 150 mm is used. Then begins the assembly of the log house. The first logs are stacked from opposite walls, then the other two. The groove and grooves of the bowl are filled with insulation (moss, tow, jute, etc.). They try to keep the insulation hanging from both sides by several centimeters. Further lay the crowns in the same manner as the first. You must comply with 90 degrees. between the logs and control the horizontal of the whole structure.
Two crowns between themselves fixed pins(the hole for them is drilled with a slightly smaller diameter than the pins themselves) and are hammered to a slightly shallower depth than the hole so that there is a free run during shrinkage. Nagel are hammered in staggered order and always in corner joints.
The next stage of construction is installationtruss system. Beams are mounted in the upper crown. If necessary, lay the mauerlat. Themselves truss legs set in increments of 600 mm. Metal pin connects ridge analog. For reliable fixation of the structure, sliding supports are used to the upper crown. The crate is set depending on the applied roofing.
After this, the walls are pierced, sealing up everything.slots. Log houses are left alone for one year for shrinkage, after that they are once again digging. Only now they insert the door and window blocks, since the wood shrinks up to 12%, then with an early installation they could simply be broken.
After shrinking and connecting all networks, it's timeto start finishing work. Log houses, like any other, can be sheathed with siding, sewn up with plaster or other material. There is only one limitation: it is not necessary to use air-tight materials, films as a finish, since wood is very sensitive to changes in humidity and ventilation conditions.
Just do not rush to completely sew up the wall. Properly processed, they look very colorful and do not lose color over the years.
As with any other constructions, behind a treeneed to look out. Arrange a drain so that the water falls less on the walls, at the first signs of the appearance of bark beetles to treat the tree with insecticides. It is recommended that after one year of operation once again dig all the cracks. It is better to detect and eliminate small minor defects at the stage of generation than to redo whole sections of the house.
