To reduce wear of rubbing parts, protectsurfaces at high temperatures and corrosion protection use gear oil. What is better and what is the difference between them? What are the classification of lubricating fluids? Let's talk about this in this article.
Thanks to the use of a lubricating fluid inThe gearbox protects mechanical parts from seizing, premature wear and other damage. This is ensured by the formation of a dense film. In addition, it reduces the load on the gears and consequently the noise during operation of the mechanism. More on the lubricating fluid falls function of heat removal from the contacting surfaces. Thus, energy loss during friction is significantly reduced. Oils for a transmission as well as for engines have various classifications.
There is a domestic GOST for transmissionslubricating fluids. Depending on viscosity and performance, they are divided into five groups. Each of them has its own designation. For example, TM4-10 means:
TM - gear oil;
4 - operation group;
10 - viscosity grade.
Let us consider them in more detail.
TM-1 is a group that includes summer and winter nigrols. This is a crude residue that was formed during the distillation of petroleum.
TM-2 is a group for steering and gearbox oils. They are characterized by low quality and therefore are used only on old domestic cars.
TM-3 is such lubricants as, for example, Tsp-10, Tsp-15K. They are used for heavily loaded trucks of cylindrical, conical and spiral-conical types.
TM-4 are oils:Tsp-14gip, Tsgip and TSZ-9gip. The latter is used in northern areas for trucks, where temperatures can reach up to fifty degrees below zero. The first type is used for temperate zones and in hot climates.
TM-5 are oils TM5-12рк and TAD-17i. The first type is used for trucks in cold climates as a season, and the second - in hot and temperate climates.
In Europe, the United States and in our countryTwo classifications are common: SAE and API. They are comfortable and complementary. One of them determines the viscosity, and the other differs depending on the additives it contains.
This classification exists not only for transmission oils, but also for motor oils, although it differs from it. Consider both types in more detail.
This classification was developed by the Americansociety of engineers. According to it, the lubricating fluid is divided into types depending on viscosity. Everyone knows this classification, and they use it because most car manufacturers recommend, focusing on this viscosity index, transmission oil.
What is better, is decided based on the temperature at which the vehicle will be operated. Therefore, the proposed types for high and low temperatures.
Low temperature viscosity checkmeasuring the rate at which one hundred and fifty thousand cf is reached according to Brookfield. Then the temperature is fixed. If this value is exceeded, the bearings will begin to fail. Of course, the process depends on the structure of the bridges. But the fact that the negative impact on them will begin is an established fact. That is why it is so important to follow the recommendations on a low temperature indicator.
If the temperature often reaches thirty degrees of frost, then synthetic oils with a 75W-XX marking and a viscosity limit of five thousand cp are suitable for manual transmission.
The high-temperature maximum is determined at one hundred degrees. Therefore, the transmission elements will not begin to break down, even if they work for twenty hours at high temperatures.
This classification is the mostuniversal, which determines the required transmission oil. Which is better, is selected by marking GL. The most common are GL-4 and GL-5.
For mechanics, in principle, also acquireGL-1 and GL-2 gear oils. They are suitable for gentle and medium modes of operation, and the second option even contains additives. But they found greater use for agricultural machinery.
GL-4 and GL-5 are universal for different conditions, have a sufficient set of additives. The latter type for the mechanical transmission is no longer suitable.
There is another product classification.manufacturer Zahnadfabrik Friedichshafen. If you have purchased such gear oil, which is better, the question will not be in front of you, since this lubricant belongs to the highest quality mark. Marking can be from ZF TE-ML 01 to ZF TE-ML 15. Today, this quality indicator is becoming very popular.
Each class includes lubricants on a different oil basis: mineral, semi-synthetic and synthetic. Also implies varying degrees of viscosity and type of lubricant.
И минеральное, и полусинтетическое, и synthetic gear oil has a long life: from twenty to one hundred thousand kilometers. The distance depends on the quality of the lubricant, as well as on the operating conditions and design of the mechanism. Changing the oil is carried out only in case of a significant change in its performance.
Stable work is ensured bythat there is reliable protection against the entry of road dust, which becomes the main reason for the decline in quality. Also, the functionality falls when moisture enters the mechanism. Therefore, if the unit is provided with excellent sealing of all components and connections, then the operational properties will remain at a high level for a long time.
Данная смазывающая жидкость относится к all season class. Oils are thickened and not thickened. The former have special additives and are designated by two numbers, while the latter do not contain thickeners and are denoted by one digit.
75W90 gear oil is thickened. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that at working temperature the viscosity is the same, and at low temperature the lubricant becomes thinner.
The 75W90 transmission oil price is traditionally high, as it has excellent characteristics, ensuring the mechanism of long-term proper operation under different operating conditions.
Lubricant adequately maintains low temperature up to forty degrees of frost. High temperatures are transported by them, like other species, very easily.
Этот вариант имеет в названии букву W, что means winter, and in translation from English "winter". Transmission oil 80W90 applies to winter species. It is the same as the 85W90, perfect for a cold climate. This oil, like the previous one, belongs to thickened species. 80W90 is quite capable to transfer temperature to twenty six degrees of a frost.
Consider as an example gear oil ZIC 75W90. It is characterized by one of the best fluidity at low temperature.
According to API, oil is characterized by GL-4/5.
The flash point is 230 degrees.
The temperature of loss of fluidity is 45 degrees of frost.
Thus, we can conclude that this oil75W90 transmission (the price of which is more than one and a half thousand rubles, that is, it costs quite expensive), will ensure excellent operation of the unit, and the transmission will switch smoothly and smoothly. High synchronization performance at the same time protects gears from premature wear and ensures excellent performance over a long period of time.
However, we must not forget that in orderin order to choose the right ZIC gear oil or another model, you must first pay attention to the instruction manual. After all, there are cars for which an oil change for the entire period of operation is not provided at all.
