Успенский храм в Сергиевом Посаде, входящий в The number of outstanding examples of Russian church architecture was erected in the period from 1757 to 1769. The place of its construction was the village of Klementyevo, which was the specific property of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Somewhat later, it, along with other monastic villages, was incorporated into the city of Sergiev Posad. Today, the Assumption Church is considered to be its true decoration.
Predecessor erected in Sergiev PosadAssumption Church was a wooden church, which had the same name, but located about forty meters from the current building. The first mention of it is found in the economic book of the monastery, dated by the end of the XVI century. The church has repeatedly burned and rebuilt, until, finally, gave way to a memorial pillar, erected in commemoration of the future construction of a stone church.
Вторая половина XVIII века была периодом крайне unfavorable for the Russian Orthodox Church, and especially monasticism. The reason for this is the large-scale secularization (seizure and transfer to the state fund) of monastic lands, which Empress Catherine II has been conducting since 1764. As part of its decree, the village of Klementyevo ceased to be the property of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and became part of the city of Sergiev Posad.
Однако ещё до обретения юридической независимости from their owners, the villagers wished to have their own stone parish church, in connection with which they announced a fundraising for its construction. Their pious initiative found a response among the widest circles of society, and donations began to come not only from nearby cities and villages, but also from Moscow itself. In 1757, when a sufficiently large amount was already collected, they began work on them that had been going on for 12 years and ended with the construction of the Assumption Church in Sergiev Posad, which has survived to the present day and deserved fame for its architectural appearance.
В 1775 году государыня императрица Екатерина II, having selected the lands that belonged to her at the Trinity Sergius Lavra, she made a pilgrimage to her shrines. A lot of documentary evidence remained on this preserved in the history of the monastery. They describe the extraordinary confluence of the people, who came together with the whole region, to see firsthand the Russian autocrat, as well as the solemn procession, which the metropolitan of Moscow Plato (Levshin) met the high guest. At the gate of the monastery, she appeared accompanied by a bell ringing and cannon firing.
The empress deigned to personally inspect recentlybuilt in Sergiev Posad, the Assumption Church, the divine service in which was performed that day with special solemnity. Together with her, many members of the reigning House who accompanied her to the ancient icons placed in the temple.
At that time, the Assumption Church in Sergiev Posad hadtwo thrones, one of which was consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and the second in the name of John the Forerunner. At the beginning of the XIX century, another altar was established in the altar of the temple in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Spring”.
With all the architectural merit of his buildingthe disadvantage was that the main volume of the interior, in which the high altar was located, remained unheated at that time and, accordingly, could be used for worship only from May to September.
Во второй половине XIX века главным жертвователем The Assumption Church in Sergiev Posad (on Bolotnaya Street) was its permanent headman, merchant of the first guild, Ivan Pavlovich Mamayev. Personally, they made a huge sum for those times ─ 30 thousand rubles, sufficient for the construction of a two-story mansion. With these funds, the interior decoration of the church was completed.
In particular, are made covered with woodencarvings and gilding, new iconostases, salaries and icon cases were ordered for the icons, and wall paintings were updated and supplemented. In addition, marble floors were paved with bells and a total weight of 5.5 tons were donated by a pious merchant.
Extraordinarily rich in those years were the churchutensils, and priestly vestments, also purchased at the expense of voluntary donors. Among them, according to the memoirs of contemporaries, numerous silver gilded vessels and candelabra were especially distinguished. The real treasure was a jeweled panagia, received as a gift from St. Petersburg Metropolitan Nikanor. She, according to his will, was invariably near the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. It is known that at the beginning of the 20th century the temple owned significant land leases.
For a long time to the temple wasattributed to the church "The Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles", which was located at Klementyevsky (now Nikolsky) cemetery of Sergiev Posad. They built it with donations from parishioners of the Assumption Church and other pious citizens. In the years that followed the October Revolution, it was destroyed, and re-built only in the years of perestroika. Now she is an independent parish.
The come XX century and marked its coming tothe authorities of the Bolsheviks brought innumerable misfortunes to the entire Russian Orthodox Church. They also fully touched the Assumption Church in Sergiev Posad (address: Bolotnaya st., 39). Like all other buildings, it became the property of the state and in 1929 was granted to the use of believers on the basis of a lease agreement concluded with them.
This document was drafted in such a way thatallowed the authorities at any time to terminate it, on the basis of violations allegedly committed by tenants. That is what they did in 1936, transferring the church to the use of Renovationists ─ representatives of the intra-church schismatic movement, led by Archpriest Alexander Vvedensky, who spoke in favor of modernizing worship and cooperation with the Soviet authorities.
Однако и новоявленные раскольники недолго committed their services in the temple. In the late 1930s, the Assumption Church was finally closed, and its building was placed at the disposal of the city bakery. From that time began its destruction as an architectural monument. In accordance with the needs of production, the internal premises of the building were re-equipped, and it itself has undergone many changes.
A minor step towards restoring trampled andthe desecrated shrine was made in 1960, when the temple was entered in the register of historical monuments of Russia and, along with this, was taken under state protection. Its internal premises were vacated by providing a new building to the enterprise located in them. However, this is all over. No restoration and restoration work was carried out at that time.
The real era of the revival of the Assumption ChurchThere were years of perestroika, in which government policies toward the church changed drastically. It was time when, in biblical terms, it was time to “collect scattered stones,” and a great many were scattered over them during the communist rule. The restoration of previously destroyed temples and the construction of new ones began throughout the country in those years.
In 1990, immediately after the transfer of the temple building topossession of the Russian Orthodox Church when it arose a religious community. Soon by the order of the diocesan leadership, a staff of clergy was established, headed by the rector of the church, Archpriest Vladimir (Kucheryavyi). On 28 June of the same year, in his works, in the building of the Assumption Church, they performed the first liturgy after a long break. A prayer service was also served for sending God's help in restoring the shrine, which was devastated during the years of spiritual darkness and desolation.
In the following decade a largethe volume of restoration and restoration work, which included the installation of marble flooring, roof repair, the creation of iconostases and the writing of the required number of icons. In addition, the bell tower was rebuilt, destroyed by the authorities in the late 30s. At the same time, an evening school and a religious library began to operate at the temple.
In 2001, by the decision of the Holy Synod, Ouspenskythe temple (Sergiev Posad), the photos of which are presented in the article, became the center of the Sergiev Posad deanery. At the same time, a prominent modern-day religious figure, scholar, candidate of theological sciences, Archpriest Alexander (Samoilov) was appointed his new superior, who then took monastic vows and since 2005 known as hegumen Ioann.
The following years were a period of furtherthe improvement of the temple and the multiplication of its shrines. This, as before, manifested the generosity of many parishioners who did not stint to contribute significant sums for the purchase of church plate, priestly vestments and liturgical books, which made it possible to fully resume the spiritual life interrupted for many years.
Currently, church services are heldin full, as provided for by the ROC Statutes. Morning services, both on weekdays and on holidays, begin at 7:40 with a confession followed by the Clock and Divine Liturgy. Evening services begin at 16:50. Only on the Saturday schedule of services in the Assumption Church of Sergiev Posad, some changes have been made: the morning service on these days begins at 8:00. In general, this order of worship corresponds to the work schedule of most Russian churches.
And the last.For those who wish to visit this reborn from non-existence Orthodox shrine, we inform you how to get to the Assumption Church of Sergiev Posad. To do this, follow the electric train, departing from the Yaroslavl station of the capital, to get to Sergiev Posad. Further from the railway station, go along Kooperativnaya Street, and then go down the street of the Red Army. It will lead directly to Bolotnaya Street, where the temple is located. The total length of the path does not exceed one kilometer.
