For final processing of various kinds of blanksA special type of equipment is used - a grinding machine for metal. There are several types of aggregates of this type. As a working tool most often they use special grinding wheels.
Currently, the following types of metal grinding machines are used at the enterprises:
Internal grinding. Used for processing through workpieces from the inside and along the ends.
Circular grinding. Machines of this type are mainly used for the final processing of cylindrical and conical billets.
Surface Grinding. This is one of the most common types of equipment. Machines of this type are used to perform operations such as flat grinding (normal surfaces).
Honing On such machines make the removal of small allowances on the workpieces (0.04-0.08 mm).
Wheelless grinding. This type of equipment is used mainly in large industries. Machines of this type are designed for machining the external surfaces of blanks.
Processing products on equipment such asThe grinder on metal, can be made with use of powders and pastes, bars, skins or segments. However, most often, special abrasive wheels are used to give a smooth metallic surface.
This type of equipment can be used asin small-scale and mass production. Dimensions, weight, performance, power and equipment, it also has different. The design of units of this type, as well as any other grinding machines for metal, includes the following elements:
the frame on which all the nodes are mounted;
durable table under the workpiece;
spindle;
front tank;
flywheel, etc.
The main distinctive feature of the designequipment such as a metal grinder designed for processing workpieces from the inside is considered to be a stationary grandmother attached to a bed. It moves reciprocatingly due to the movement of the table itself. Spindle dimensions in such machines depend on the diameter of the working tool.
Machines for this type of metal have a swiveltop table fixed on the bottom. It is located in front of the bed. When processing cone-shaped parts, the lower table is turned at a certain necessary angle and fixed in this position with special clamps. Behind the bed in a circular grinding machines is a platform for the headstock.
Machines for this type of metal can be produced:
with horizontal spindle, cross slide and rectangular table;
with general purpose table and horizontal spindle;
with vertical spindle and sliding table;
with a continuous table;
single-post and double-post longitudinal grinding;
double-ended face grinding with horizontal or vertical spindle.
В инструментальном производстве чаще всего The first type of machine tool is used (with a rectangular table). Their design features include a spindle mounted on high rolling bearings, a caliper with a rigid guide and the equipment of a complex of various devices. Technologically, the capabilities of these machines are truly wide.
Grinding machine for this type of metalable to provide the highest quality processing of workpieces. In fact, these units are a more advanced and productive kind of circular grinding models. Most often they are used in the creation of automatic lines in production, since, if necessary, they can be equipped with any kind of loading devices and devices for active control of the dimensions of the blanks.
On equipment like a machinecenterless grinding, can be made and external, and internal processing of metal products. However, the latter operation is performed with their use quite rarely. Nevertheless, these are the most perfect aggregates of all used for grinding steel, cast iron, alloys, etc.
Using units of this typefinal metal grinding is performed. Honing machines are available for internal or external surfaces, with a vertical or horizontal arrangement of one or more spindles. Grandma in such machines is mounted on the guide columns. A special honing head is attached to the spindle. Since the processing of parts on the units of this type should be done with maximum accuracy, various types of active control systems based on non-contact or contact measurement methods are included in their design.
The cost of this type of equipment depends on itspower, performance and dimensions. Also, the price of machines may vary depending on their type. So, small surface grinding models can cost in the range of 300-400 thousand rubles. For a professional model of high performance of this type will have to pay about 2 million rubles. Small circular grinding machines cost around 60-300 thousand rubles. The price for overall high-performance equipment of this type is 400-1500 thousand rubles. Dust-free grinding equipment, depending on performance, can be purchased for 300-2000 thousand rubles.
This kind of abrasive work toolsused in machine tools most often. They are selected based on the type of work they are supposed to use. Also the type of circle depends on the model of machine used. For example:
For circular grinding units, simple circles of a straight profile are usually used.
For equipment such as a centerless grinding machine, often use straight profile wheels with one-side grooves.
For flat or face grinding can be used including ring, pan, cylindrical or conical circles.
For sharpening usually use dish-shaped tools.
For internal processing of through products used shlifgolovki.
Most often, metal grinding is performed withusing very strong corundum circles on organic or ceramic bonds. In any case, an abrasive working tool of this type must meet the following requirements:
to withstand high loads from centrifugal forces;
process the workpiece with the least degree of roughness;
have high flexural strength in both dry and wet conditions;
shoot as many chips as possible per unit of time.
Most often in production are used circles withalumina grains. They can be used to process cast iron, steel, iron and even various kinds of alloys. For grinding especially hard materials, circles with a grain of the mixed type are used - from oxides of aluminum and zirconium. Soft metals (copper, brass) are treated using circles coated with alumina and silicon carbide. Large grain tools are not used for grinding. The best results in terms of smoothness of the surface can be achieved only with the use of circles with small ones.
Как видите, современное шлифовальное оборудование may have a different design and be designed for processing parts of any shape, both inside and outside. Units of this type are used in small, medium-sized and large enterprises. Their productivity and quality of processing of workpieces depend, among other things, on the right choice of abrasive working tools, types of which also exist in abundance.
