Surface grinding are called special machines,used to clean the surface of products from unnecessary layers. Most often this type of equipment is used for processing wooden blanks. However, a surface grinding machine for metal is also a fairly common type of aggregate. They are used for processing parts made of steel, aluminum, copper, etc.
The surface grinding machine was invented in 1874year in america. Originally, as a working tool, it used circles cut from whole pieces of various kinds of abrasive rocks. Since they had to be changed frequently, such aggregates were not widely accepted at that time. However, already in 1893, after the invention of artificial abrasives, surface grinding machines became very popular and popular.
This type of equipment is used for:
roughing of blanks;
cutting and cutting;
precise surface treatment of parts;
cleaning the teeth of the wheels;
thread finishing, etc.
The main feature of these machines is that they are intended for fine finishing of parts with a flat surface. For finishing the blank form they are not used.
The work of this type of equipment is built on a verysimple principle. The turning of the workpiece is done by means of an abrasive wheel rotating at high speed. In motion, the latter is driven by an electric motor. In this case, the treatment can be carried out both by the surface of the circle and by its end face. Today on sale there are also machines of this type with two circles, characterized by very high performance.
The surface grinding machine functions in most cases as follows:
The electric motor rotates a gear pump, forcing oil into the channels of the hydraulic system.
The latter, hitting the switch box, goes to the starting crane.
When the crane is turned on, the oil flows into the cylinder supplying the part and moves the piston, and at the same time the table attached to it.
At the end of its turn, the table turns the switch tap, which is responsible for directing the oil to one side or the other of the feed cylinder spool.
The direction of the current of oil at the same time reverses and the table begins to move after him.
Шлифовальные станки этого типа обычно отличаются increased strength, since the parts machined on them in most cases have significant weight. The maximum allowable weight of the workpiece is 600 kg, and its height is 280 mm.
The column of the machine of this type is mounted on the pedestal,cast in a single whole with a bed. In its middle part, it has a recess, on both sides of which are guides. According to the last carriage moves. On it are fixed horizontal guides, designed under the spindle head.
The workpiece in such machines is mounted either directly on the table, or using special magnetic clamps. Sometimes mechanical devices are used to fix the part.
The table surface grinding machine can haveround or rectangular. Depending on this, the method of presenting the part is chosen: longitudinal or circular. Sometimes this type of equipment is used to process very large parts. In this case, apply the transverse method of filing. The surface of the table surface grinding machine is equipped with a special fluoroplastic coating. This ensures its smooth movement and wear resistance.
Spindle surface grinder canpositioned differently. On this basis, equipment is divided into vertical and horizontal. Each of these groups has both its advantages and disadvantages.
Like any other, surface grinding machinesdenoted by conditional serial numbers. It is impossible to determine the functionality of the equipment by such an inscription. To do this, examine the passport surface grinding machine.
There are several types of similar parts processing:
Multipass.In this case, the workpiece is placed on the working surface and moves at a speed of about 45 m / s. In this case, the part moves under the circle several times, and the latter gradually moves to a depth until the metal or wood layer of the required thickness is removed.
Single pass. This technique is used on machines with a round table. In this case, the tool is fed to the entire depth vertically in a single pass.
Double sided. On such equipment, both ends of the workpiece are processed simultaneously.
This method is used for processing parts made from not too hard materials. Peripheral grinding is:
Deep. In this case, for each processing cycle a very large layer of material is removed.
With mortise feed. This technique is used to process those blanks whose height is greater than the width.
With intermittent feed. This technology allows to produce the highest quality grinding even very large workpieces.
These tools can be made in the formwasher or cylinder. They consist of grains of various kinds of abrasive materials of high rigidity, bonded to each other with a ceramic, volcanic or bakelite ligament. Grinding wheels can have different sizes and profiles. They are selected depending on the brand of the machine and the type of parts machined on it.
Очень часто к плоскошлифовальному станку equipment such as a cooling unit is connected. It is necessary to reduce the temperature of the working bodies of the machine in the process of processing parts. This allows you to significantly extend their life.
Also in machines of this type can be usedadditional equipment such as feeding and receiving roller, speed inverters, various kinds of units for cleaning coolant, etc.
Machines of this type may vary in power,performance and functionality. Schemes of surface grinding machines are presented on this page. Specifications for this type of equipment may be different. Next, let's see what parameters such machines can have on the example of the very popular 3G71 model. This unit is intended only for peripheral grinding of workpieces. Its design includes a bed, a column with a grandmother, a desktop and a hydraulic system.
From the table below you can find out what this machine has a surface grinding specifications.
Parameter | Value |
The minimum size of the workpiece height / width / length | 320/200/630 mm |
Maximum billet weight | 100 kg |
Maximum distance from spindle axis to table | 80 mm |
Table size | 630x200 mm |
Moving the table longitudinal / transverse | 70-710 / 235 mm |
Speed range of longitudinal movement | 5-20 m / min |
Automatic cross feed speed | 0.7 m / min |
Grinding wheel dimensions | 250x25x75 mm |
Circle rotation speed | 3740 rpm |
Machine dimensions | 1870x1550x1980 mm |
Machine weight | 1900 kg |
Despite the fact that a surface grinder has been developedThe 3G71 machine tool was still in the USSR; it is still used in industry and is considered quite productive and reliable. On its basis, more sophisticated and expensive 3G71M machines have been designed.
