These are unsafe metaphors. Fiction Examples

Creative mapping of properties and attributes of onean object for a more prominent artistic representation of another — such is the literary function of a metaphor. Examples from fiction convince: such a creative find is an obvious creative success. Literature rigidly injects metaphor into a piece of text. Once in it, it becomes an integral element.

The creative legacy of almost anyliterary classics - is a storehouse of similar relationships. They are filled with the thought of Pushkin and Lermontov, who created artistic examples of metaphor, which made uncommon accents to the unique landscape lyrics. The unique image of the water element was created by Pushkin paths: “lakes of the plain”, “fountain of love”, “foam of the waters”, “speaking of the waters”, “draw the coolness”, “along the mirror of the rivers”. Lermontov's metaphors are just as convincing: “tears of spray”, “life of the sea”. This list can be significantly increased. The above-mentioned classics and today affect our associative-figurative perception, correlating the movements of the human soul with the unique dynamics of nature. The figurative thinking of the classics makes it easy to give examples of the metaphor: “mouse life is running around,” “soul is on fire,” “we drink from the cup of being,” “star of the north”, “night shadow”, “elements of anxious swarm”, "The silence of the night," "the lightning of the serpent." This list is endless.

More complex associations generate deployedmetaphors. Examples from the artistic literature of such tropes are filled with works by Mandelstam. His poem "The Shell" evokes in the reader the association of a "shell without pearls" with the author, and his beloved woman with the sea that attracts and fills it.

The doctrine of metaphors was developed by Russian linguists.They determined that literary trails have a life cycle. Victor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky saw the problem of "faded metaphors", from which it is necessary to rid the texts. An example is the obsolete word of the metaphorical origin of the “postrelenok” (in our understanding, a hyperactive child). Fading trails and because of their transformation. (The “wing of the house” gradually moved to architecture.) Konstantin Aleksandrovich Kedrov was the first to introduce the term “metametaphor”. Its essence: you can go deeper into each object infinitely, like into the universe. Mikhail Naumovich Epshtein defined the concept of "metabolism" - the "expansion" of the internal meaning of objects, relating them at once to several concepts.

Let's turn after the literary to another groupmetaphor - linguistic. They have special generic properties: a relatively free, memorable design, widely used by different people under similar circumstances. However, the language metaphor traditionally "has free entry" in the literature. Artistic images are individualized through the original formulation of oral speech. A Russian literary critic and writer Alexander Pavlovich Kvyatkovsky wrote that oral allegories were scattered in countless numbers around each person: “dizzy,” “the sun rises,” “burning eyes,” “it's raining.” Truly endless language metaphors. Examples from fiction are not the only demonstration of their use.

This type of tropes (artistic figures) has long beentaken into service in many professional fields: politicians, journalists, advertising agents, educators. Is it a coincidence? The answer should be sought in the properties of the metaphor. Psychologists say that it is remembered more than the rest of the artistic text, because it directly affects the human subconscious. Metaphor is an ideal tool if you need to go beyond, to show perspective, to influence people's beliefs, their mood. She is so strong that it is used in transtherapy.

Perhaps that is why the authors of artisticworks should be recommended not to get involved in destructive metaphors. For example, as they say, no need to go long. The classic novel “The Catcher in the Rye” (the original name is “The Trap in a Grain Field”) even contains a metaphor in its name. Examples from fiction of the 20th century, unfortunately, often carry a charge of dissatisfaction, chronic pessimism. "Wacky childhood", "solid linden", "disgusting to say so", "damn notebook", "vile habit", "terrible liar", "jump into the stands and blow the trumpet", "teeth ... moldy", "I can also be poisonous. " All, without exception, the text of Salinger's novel is imbued with depression. The results of the correlation of the art book with real life speak for themselves.

John Hinckley, who shot Ronald Reagan, wasobsessed with this novel. The 19-year-old John Bardot, who shot deadly at Hollywood actress Rebeccu Schaeffer, was holding the Salinger "Trapper" in his left hand. After five shots at the idol of millions of John Lennon, Mark Chapman calmly waited for the police, sitting under a lantern with an open book in his hands.