Litota is the pathway.That is allegory in one form or another. If any thought needs to be conveyed to the interlocutor or the reader not in its one meaning, but with an additional shade of meaning, and sometimes not with one, the paths are used. In one form or another. More trails are often referred to as a figure of speech. "The sea is worried once, the sea is worried two, the sea is worried three - speech, stand in the pose of litos." And freezes. And born in the heat of a conversation or discussion, litos are forever entering the Russian language as a steady turnover.
Pronounced litho, examples of which we canto meet in the media, is the use of diminutive epithets in relation to the Russian "king of variety" Philip Kirkorov, such as, for example, "Pokemonchik" or "Philipponchik" and "Philipp Yushkin" sometimes shortened to "Plyushki". “After all, he is really sweet, like a bun. So I want to eat it,” - assured fanatically loyal fans. In this case, the lithoka conveys several semantic values at once, gently combining the singer’s enthusiasm for a certain breed of dogs, the cosmos and God knows what else with his carefully shaped image of a sweet “pop idol”. I wonder if the encyclopedias of the future, along with the hyperbolic Grozny and the Great, will Philip Sweet be used as lithots?
Lithota as an understatement alwayscontrasted with hyperbole - exaggeration. When the rhetoric of 7 liberal arts was still studied in every princely or monastic school, hyperbole was a single form for exaggeration and understatement. And now, to the share of hyperbole, only exaggeration remains, and to the share of litos, there is also an attitude, a simplification, a reduction, and a clearing. Small and remote this path, this is our litos. Examples of litters most often we meet in fairy tales. Thumbelina is litos. And Nekrasovsky "peasant with marigold." By the way, both heroes conquer all the troubles and cope with the tasks much faster and more efficiently than the hyperbolic Robin Bobin Barabek. The beauties of the Goliath are almost always defeated by little David. And why? Apparently, because folk wisdom is inherent in seeing strength in weakness and smallness, and not in exaggerated power. The acorn is small, and grows into a big tree. Sometimes in the tree of the world.
Sometimes we use litotes and in order tosoften this or that harsh expression. One can say directly: “Cows do not fly,” but a valuable agricultural animal may be offended. If we want to be more diplomatic, we use the lithote as a stylistic means of softening the tonality and say that "to perform this exercise, the cow has non-ideal aerodynamic characteristics." And the meaning is conveyed, and no one is hurt. So in the practice of diplomats appears its own litos. Examples of diplomatic litters are brighter. “The rebels on the Maidan show discontent,” the American ambassador will say, reacting to the burnt house of the Trade Unions. Like any good weapon, litos belong not only to one side, to the people, but also can be used by the opposite side. But not always well. As a double-edged weapon, it can be turned against gigantism, which suffers the nation of the ambassador. If the litho always defeats the hyperbole, then the days of the world gendarme are numbered.
If you try to remember the category "Lithoga.Examples from literature ", then the first result that came to mind would be a Griboedovsky" spitz-not more than a thimble. " But it is not interesting. It is always more interesting to look for a littote not straight, but hidden in some other structures at first glance. For example, from Eugene Onegin, where a single person has the right to “think about the beauty of nails”. This is also a litote, a deliberate decrease in the significance of the image while maintaining the pronounced power of the actor.
If we talk about lithote as a toolkitsarcasm and cynicism, then the transformation of Raskolnikov's image into the anecdote “one hundred old women is already a ruble” is a lititude of an idea. Deliberate reduction of the ideology that led to the murder, the “I have the right” ideology, the reduction of dostoevschiny and the ideology of the superman to a banal self-interest, and a litter of the superthought of Dostoevsky’s philosophy to the simple humor of Harms “and the old women all fell”.
If you want to replenish your vocabulary,in order to be able to give a worthy definition of what litos are, examples from fiction are exactly what is needed. Since the reading of works of art not only enriches the lexicon, but also decently develops the very figurativeness of human thinking. Take a newspaper article or a small volume of Pushkin and independently find out where such a litter is hiding, examples of use of which will help expand the expressiveness of your own speech baggage. In addition, we should not forget that it is better not to finish, than to say more than necessary. So, the more lithote, the speech is thinner and more expressive, the more meanings you can use and in fewer cases risk to be accused of inaccuracy. And those who want to succeed in the diplomatic or journalistic field, you should try to make the most of the possibilities of this tool. More and more often lately there is litotes in Russian. Examples of her look better in folk tales.
