In 1782 he finished work on his best work - the comedy "Nedorosl" - DI Fonvizin.
Written in accordance with traditionclassicism, it nevertheless became innovative for its time. This was manifested in the problems (the author makes you think about the issues of education, government, social and family relations), and in depicting heroes. Despite the fact that the positive and negative characters are clearly delineated in the comedy "Nedorosl", the attitude of the reader (or spectator) to them is not always unambiguous. Let's try to understand: why?
Let's start with the fact that in the comedy Fonvizin notesthe unity of time (day) and place (the estate of the Prostakovs), the love triangle and the presence of a resonator that speak the names. The main characters are grouped around Starodum and Prostakova, the secondary ones are adjacent to one or the other. So groups are formed: the young uneducated nobleman Mitrofanushka - he is a benighted person - positive and negative heroes, differing in social status, moral beliefs, attitude to others, speech, etc.
The phrase pronounced by Prostakova fully characterizes the characters that cause a negative evaluation. Mighty (until a certain time) the proprietor of the estate is the main negative hero.
"Nedorosl" - a parody of what was happening in themany noble families, not distinguished by intelligence and literacy, but who had money and power. Mrs. Prostakova completely ruled the whole house - she is afraid even of a weak-willed husband. "Rascal", "dummy", "harya", "canal" and under. - this is its usual appeal to others. Only her son she calls "darling" and lets know what everything does for his happiness. Prostakov is an uneducated and spiteful person who perfectly feels the situation. She knows who is not worth a penny, and who should smile, please.
As the action develops in the comedy "Nedorosl"positive and negative characters are characterized from different angles. So, we learn the story of Prostakova's life from her communication with Starodum. All her life principles she inherited from the same ignorant parents. In turn, she instilled in their beloved Mitrofanushka.
Little difference from the sister Skotinin.This hero Fonvizin almost completely deprived the human face. And the surname sounds like not human, and the only hobby that turns into passion is pigs, and the lexicon is appropriate. And when it comes to marriage, a nephew who also wants to grab the rich inheritance of the bride turns into a rival for him.
Nedorosl - so called in Russia youngA minor nobleman who has not yet joined the service. It was at this age is Mitrofanushka - "like a mother." He is as illiterate, rude, two-faced, cunning as Prostakov. In addition, lazy, contemptuous of all sciences and teachers, but at the same time fully learned the laws of immorality, deception, the ability to please. He already fully experienced the taste of the power that gave him the position. Even to his father, Mitrofanushka is treated as a minor person, as evidenced by his "dream". However, it can be noted that the inexperienced will go beyond his mother. In this regard, the behavior of the hero in the final scene becomes illustrative, when he roughly rudely pushes it away with the words: "Let go, mother, how you imposed ...". By the way, it was after Fonvizin's comedy that the word "inexpensive" acquired a general value with a negative evaluation.
"Nedorosl" differs clearly markedauthor's assessment of historical events of the late XYIII century. In this a considerable role is played by the image of Starodum. She is a sixty-year-old husband who, at one time, made a fortune by own work, working in Siberia. Then he fought, after retirement he served at the court. As a person who has been just and has seen a lot, he gives a rather unpleasant characteristic to the state system, officials, public relations. Starodum paid special attention to the need to serve the Fatherland, emphasized the role of education. It is no accident that many of his statements, for example, "Have a heart, have a soul, and you will be a man ..." - immediately became aphorisms.
There were also other positive heroes - "Nedorosl" inThis relationship is strictly consistent with tradition. This is a Moscow official Pravdin (he came to expose malice), niece and heiress Starodum Sophia, who for a long time experienced oppression in the house of Prostakova, a young officer who dreamed of dedicating his life to the Fatherland, Milon. Their statements and deeds further reveal the vices of such people as Prostakov and Skotinin. They have practically no shortcomings, therefore they can be called ideal people.
Thus, in the comedy "Nedorosl"positive and negative characters play a strictly defined role. The first expose the evil and cruelty, and their speeches affirm the principles of a just public order. The latter embody the most widespread human vices: ignorance, despotism, selfishness, confidence in one's own superiority, and so on.
With all the traditions, the comedy hada number of differences from their predecessors. Adherence to realism is something new that Fonvizin introduced into the play. "Nedorosl", whose characters are shown brightly and multifaceted, differs in the desire for typification. What has happened in the Prostakov family is seen through the prism of the social order and makes us think about such issues as serfdom, the form of government in the state, the importance of upbringing. As a result, it is already a question of breaking the trinity as one of the requirements of classicism.
It is also unexpected that in the finalthe reader sympathizes with the cruel Prostakov, who fell victim to his own malice. Against this background, the words of Starodum sound even more eloquent: "Have a heart, have a soul, and you will be a man at all times" -which do not lose relevance today.
