The Surrealist movement was founded in the 1920syears in Paris, a small group of writers and artists who experimented with a new way of conveying the unbridled fantasy of the subconscious. Surrealism in art has become an international intellectual movement. The artists depicted illogical scenes with photographic precision, created strange creatures from everyday objects and at the same time considered their work an expression of the philosophical movement.
The word "surrealist" was coined by GuillaumeApollinaire, and for the first time it appeared in the preface to his play. And in art this movement was officially recognized in 1924, when Andre Breton wrote his manifesto on surrealism. In it, he suggested that the artist should strive to gain access to his own subconscious and it is in him to draw inspiration.
Andre forms a group around himlike-minded people. They were people who knew first hand what surrealism was. Their paintings become popular with a wide audience. These are famous artists Jean Arp and Max Ernst. But there were also among them writers and poets such as Philippe Supo, Louis Aragon and many others. And these people considered it their task not only to create a new direction in art, but to change the very life and remake the whole world.
Andre Breton - a theorist of surrealism - believed thatthis direction will destroy a certain line between reality and dreams, and as a result, super-reality will arise. He constantly tried to unite the one goal of the Surrealists, but between them there were endless disputes, various disagreements, many made mutual accusations, and often even excluded from their ranks protesters and dissenters.
Surrealism was based on the theory of Freud, whichincludes the method of associations, with the help of them, and a transition is made from the world of consciousness to the subconscious. And yet, the paintings in the style of surrealism have significant differences depending on the author. Dali, for example, with photographic precision tries to convey every detail of his work, which often resembles a nightmare.
Max Ernst wrote his paintings as ifautomatically, completely disconnecting the mind. He at the same time recreated some arbitrary images, mostly creating the impression of some kind of abstraction. But with Jean Miro, another artist who supported surrealism, the paintings differed not only in their diversity, but also in the cheerfulness of colors.
Special distribution of surrealism wasthe time of the First and Second World Wars. Then his followers emigrated to different countries and appeared not only in Europe but in the United States. Of no small importance in the formation of surrealism is the course of Dadaism, which arose in Zurich in 1916. Dadaists were the first to use the method of throwing paints on the host, giving them the opportunity to spread in a chaotic manner. At the same time, various configurations were obtained, which expressed the artist's thoughts.
And already in the 1920s the Dadaists unite withsurrealists in a single stream. But the famous masters who painted paintings in the style of surrealism, did not want to use the primitive methods of expressing thoughts in their works. They still preferred to achieve such an internal state, when there is a complete disconnection of the mind, something like self-hypnosis. And it is in these periods to create their masterpieces. The same methods used and the famous artist Salvador Dali, who preferred to paint pictures immediately after sleep, when the brain is not yet freed from nighttime impressions. And often woke up in the middle of the night to create another masterpiece.
There was no topic that did not affect creativityDali. This is an atomic bomb, and civil wars, science, art and even ordinary cooking. And almost everything he turned into something unthinkable, which did not fit into the understanding of any sane person.
Many of Salvador's works combinedimages are completely unrelated, while the plot of the canvas more like a paranoid phenomenon. For example, the paintings "The Endless Mystery" and "The Castle of Gala in Pubol". Nevertheless, it is worth noting that any work of Dali has pleasant combinations of shades and colors.
Creating some kind of bizarre image, notcorresponding to generally accepted standards, and was the main goal that surrealism welcomed. Paintings written in this style, were supposed to present the audience with exactly the surreal images. The way the author of a work sees this or that object in a supernatural reality, and not in everyday life.
Modern Surrealism is still chainedthe views of many viewers with their unusual and colorful images. For more than half a century there is this style in the world of art, and artists are still trying to create more and more supernatural images that attract the attention of admirers of this style.
