Mikhail Evgrafovich is a great Russian prose writer andsatirist. The life of Saltykov-Shchedrin began in 1826, January 27 (15) in the Tver province in the village of Spas-Ugol. He is a hereditary nobleman, and his family was wealthy.
The future writer had a despotic mother.Zabelina Olga Mikhailovna was completely devoid of humanity, and her image would later be embodied in the "Lords of the Golovlyovs." There were six children in the family, and, despite the fact that Misha was known as a pet, he saw the family squabbles in full. But the boy, it's like, on the contrary, hardened. A period of up to ten years, the author will later describe almost autobiographically in the "Poshekhonsky antiquity". Saltykov always recalled his childhood with bitterness and, as a rule, did not like to talk about him. His childhood was mostly alone, all the older children had already gone to school. And his education did not really engage in real life.
Interesting facts from the life of Saltykov-Shchedrinbegin with his surname. Of its two parts, the present is the first - Saltykov, and the second - Shchedrin - appeared later as a pseudonym. His life is divided into two parts: Saltykov is an official, and Shchedrin is a writer, a satirist, a writer.
Saltykov Mikhail Evgrafovich began his career withexile. In August 1844 he was enrolled in the St. Petersburg Chancellery, in 1846 a young man there was already able to get the place of assistant secretary of the military minister. And at age 22, in 1848, he was deported to Vyatka for his first literary studies. However, he continued to serve, and his career was brilliant. He twice served as vice-governor: in the Ryazan province and in Tver.
In 1847, Saltykov-Shchedrin made his debut as a writer. First reviews, and then two novels, published in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. They came out under the pseudonyms M. Nepanov and M. S.
True fame came to him in 1856, whenhe published his series "Provincial Sketches", from that moment Nikolai Schedrin, who later became a part of his family name, entered the practice. And also a tradition to publish their works in cycles.
Essays Shchedrin primarily about stateorders, those who should execute these orders, enforce them. Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich specially dedicated his work to portraying Russian officials in the mid-1960s.
Shchedrin the writer begins to prevail overSaltykov-official. This is especially evident at the moment when NA Nekrasov comes to the journal Otechestvennye zapiski [Fatherland Notes] and calls him as a co-editor of Saltykov-Shchedrin. In 1868, Saltykov-an official forever gives way to the writer Shchedrin.
Since 1878, after the death of Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin became the sole editor of "Otechestvennye zapiski". It was a whole era in his life.
Sam Saltykov-Shchedrin perceives himself as a critic. Criticism of foundations, orders, officials. At the same time in the 60 years he himself was under the "shelling" of his fellow Peru.
The fact is that the writer offers readerssatire, but not from the point of view of an external observer, but a person who is his own for this environment. Here for this and reproached repeatedly Saltykov-Shchedrin. And the most ardent critic was Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev. He said that it's not enough just to mock the existing order, and in general, to ridicule the state bureaucratic machine, being its most part. This is a paradox from the moral point of view. Pisarev was generally convinced that literature should not give pleasure, but recipes, how to live the readers. He said, for example, that Pushkin was useless. After all, what does Eugene Onegin teach?
Pisarev throws Saltykov-Shchedrin and the strongerreproach. It is generally accepted that in the 1960s, two trends in Russian literature confront each other: pure art, which serves eternal beauty, and civic literature. It seems that the works of Saltykov-Shchedrin belong to the second of the indicated directions. But Pisarev says the terrible thing: that Saltykov-Shchedrin represents in literature a useless fashion for laughter, dithering, mockery, which has nothing to do with a genuine change in reality.
At the turn of the 60's - 70's, Mikhail Evgrafovichoffers its readers something completely new - this is not just a cycle of essays, but the whole work - "The History of a City". It is a parody of good-natured historical chronicles. The city acts as a model of the world. The city of Fools is about Russia. In this work criticism of the bureaucracy is of great importance.
In the mid-eighties worksSaltykov-Shchedrin became completely new. He called them fairy tales. There are about thirty of them. They are filled with political satire and were published in the newspaper Russkie Vedomosti, which in itself is strange. After all, tales are usually not printed in newspapers. But it is this that the author said he wanted: everything is not limited to a fairy tale. As in the usual fairy tales, there are no happy ends in his works. They are full of irony and are more like stories and novels.
In the satirical Russian literature an important roleit is played by Saltykov-Shchedrin. The short biography is unable to convey the fullness of the mystery of such a phenomenon in Russian literature, as Mikhail Evgrafovich. He was called a great diagnostician of evils and ailments.
Interesting facts from the life of Saltykov-Shchedrinpeople who worked with him told. It was said that his character was very nervous and irritable. And this affects creativity. Therefore, it is difficult to read it. Works can not be "swallowed".
"Golovlyov's Masters" is one of the darkest things in Russian literature. Is that Dostoevsky approached her, writing "The Brothers Karamazov."
Interesting facts from the life of Saltykov-Shchedrininclude the fact that many of the words that we still use, invented and introduced into literature and life it was he. For example, the word "softness". Mikhail Evgrafovich created and introduced into literature his own system of ironic allegories. Also the author tried to write poetry, but after the first unsuccessful attempt, the pen threw poetry for good. Saltykov-Shchedrin studied at the same lyceum as Alexander Pushkin, and it was in this school that they both began to write.
The writer lived 63 years. He died in the spring of 1889.
