Из всех русских произведений роман «Преступление and punishment, ”thanks to the education system, is more likely to have suffered the most. And indeed - the greatest story about power, repentance and the search for oneself ultimately boils down to writing school essays on the themes: “Crime and Punishment”, “Dostoevsky”, “Summary”, “Main Characters”.
A book that can change the lives of everyone.man, turned into another necessary homework. But how much controversial information was written and told by teachers about the main characters of the novel. It is worth trying to separate the grain from the chaff and make a brief description of the heroes of the story Crime and Punishment. What we now do.
The protagonist of "Crime and Punishment" studentRodion Raskolnikov, lives in extreme poverty. He regularly carries things to the old woman, the lender, to be able to at least feed. About study is no longer out of the question.
He himself lives in Petersburg and receives from the provincesfrom native letter. Sweetheart to his heart, Dunya's sister comes with her mother to the city so that the girl will marry the rich businessman Luzhin. This sacrifice of her sister in the name of material wealth finally brings Rodion - he decides to kill and rob. And that old woman becomes his victim. But under the hot hand of the student gets even harmless younger sister of the lender.
Raskolnikov was absolutely confident in his theoryabout "higher" and "lower" people, according to which, for the sake of great deeds, he is allowed to step over ordinary mortals. However, suddenly he begins to torture remorse, he can not use the stolen, and everything around him began to spin around him ...
He meets the unfortunate drunkard Marmeladov,who got hit by a wagon. His daughter Sonya, in the name of a large family, sacrifices her body every day. Rodion's compassion causes him to give all the money that was with him to an unhappy family.
And Dunya and Luzhin's marriage is hindered by a close friendRaskolnikov - Razumikhin. He is madly in love with Rodion's sister, and she herself is not indifferent. The main character from the first meeting hated Luzhin, and the party Razumikhin-Dunya is much nicer to him.
All this time, terrible paranoia and mental anguish torment Raskolnikov. He feels all the blame for his crime, but has not yet decided to admit it. Rodion considers this all a "test of greatness."
However, his meeting withSvidrigailov - a depraved landowner, who had previously served Dunya. It was for her love in St. Petersburg and arrived a new friend of Raskolnikov. Svidrigailov has long experienced the sin of murder and now sees his “relative” in the Rodion. But to Raskolnikov, the whole essence of the murderer is revealed - not greatness, but infinite filth; not strength, but pity; not power, but impossibility to control oneself. From the thought that such a person can love his sister, Rodion's heart aches.
The last straw for a criminal student wasthe tragedy of the Marmeladov family: after the death of the father and the breadwinner, the humiliation of his eldest daughter Luzhin (whom he accuses of stealing money), the expulsion of the family from home and the tragic death of his mother, he completely changes. He hides with Sonya and confesses his crime. The girl asks him to surrender.
Conscience tells Raskolnikov to do the same, and he comes to the station. There he is comprehended by the latest stunning news - Svidrigailov shot himself.
... KatorgaAlready confessed, but not yet repentant, Rodion is not very fond of his odnolagertsami. Still true to his theory, he simply decides that he lost in these conditions. Sonya, who followed her lover, everyone accepts cute and warm. The point in the story of the unfortunate killer is the gospel, which he now holds under his pillow, and the awakening endless love for everything.
Analysis of the images of the main characters in the novel"Crime and Punishment," of course, must begin with a description of Rodion Raskolnikov. And it is precisely in the analysis of his image that the main shortcoming of school textbooks lies.
Нам бесконечно рассказывают про глубокую the background of the novel, the complex psychological portrait of the main character, the writer's ability to penetrate deep into the souls of the characters, the conflict of Nietzscheanism and humanism. But they forget to tell why, in fact, “Crime and Punishment” was written in general.
The main value for Fedor Mikhailovichwas the last chapter, which is least likely to be discussed. After all, Dostoevsky says bluntly - no matter how much evil you have committed, as long as there is at least a good string in your soul, you always have a chance to improve. After all, the first who followed Christ to Heaven was a robber. What he had to do was merely repent.
Hence the name of the protagonist.What should be important for us is not a split within the individual, but who ultimately wins in the human soul. And this Dostoevsky stubbornly demonstrates - correct. In the name of himself.
That is the main purpose of the novel.Not to trace the movements of the crime, not to clarify the essence of the sinner’s inner throwings, but to give from them a balm in the form of repentance. After all, it is probably the culmination and the meaning of life of every person.
That the main character (“Crime andpunishment ”) actually has infinite goodness and compassion that a person needs, Dostoevsky demonstrates almost at the beginning of the novel. Even before killing the old woman and being at the very bottom accessible to man, Raskolnikov sees a dream about a suffering horse, which was beaten because she did not want to go.
The future killer does not want to interpret this dream andruns from the thought of him as can. However, we, the readers, already understand that in fact in the soul of the unfortunate lives repentance for each of its actions. He feels guilty even for such a trifle as to see suffering in a dream and do nothing.
Again Dostoevsky proves his genius by creating such a character as Sonya Marmeladova. In it is the whole dualism of being.
A woman working as a prostitute, it would seemThis is a model of moral decline. But no! She is above everyone in the novel, a person sacrificing himself. Christian faith teaches us that to give all yours for the sake of others is the highest point of holiness.
In this case, Sonya Marmeladova may wellbe considered holy. She devoted her whole life to her family, and when she was gone, she found another person — the very one who lacked kindness and honesty. The main character (“Crime and Punishment”) finds peace thanks to her. And then Sonya goes to a new round of sacrifice. With a man whom she loves and who needs her support so much, she travels to the ends of the earth.
Symbol of faith, it suffers millions of hardships and sufferings, deceptions and false accusations. However, he continues to carry his cross to the end - silently and with good eyes.
The main characters of the novel “Crime and Punishment” do not end with Raskolnikov and Sonia. There is another important figure - not so much a plot as psychologically.
Svidrigailov is the future of a person walkingon the way, the alleged Rodion. After all, it is clear from it that indulging one's passions for power, love, adoration and greatness does not lead to anything good. No matter how egoist philosophers reflect on this, all this leads to the collapse and fall of the human spirit, the destruction of the soul.
And Svidrigailov is a vivid example.In it, Rodion Raskolnikov can see all the problems of the existence of the killer. Through Svidrigailov, a student can understand that what he calls force is actually weakness, and vice versa.
Go over the heads, over the corpses - not the best idea. As a result, these people end up in one of two ways - either they will have to repent, or for a lifetime to get bogged down in vice.
The strongest tragedy is also going on in the background of the novel.
The main character (“Crime and Punishment”), although it is in focus, but this does not in the least cancel the drama of the characters around him.
Dunya is ready for anything for the sake of her older brother.She herself for the life of the misfortune. Most likely, this is what makes her character an image of infinite power and kindred love. She is close to Sonia. However, unlike her, does not do absolutely sacrificial acts. Dunya goes through life, gritting his teeth, ready to take all the hardships.
Therefore, she is surprised by such a strange love of her brother. After all, he is ready to distance Dunya from Luzhin, an extremely profitable party, but a bad person, just for the reason that she will be unhappy with him.
For the reader and Dostoevsky, the image of Dunya is very important. After all, it is through Raskolnikov's care for her that we understand that he is still not a lost person, while he is taking care of his loved ones.
But who really left the world of good peopleforever is Marmelad. A man who has long spat on everything. Low drunkard, who gave the whole family hostage to a terrible financial situation. It is from those of Raskolnikov that the theory of the "quivering creature" grows up, it is these that are worth chopping with an ax and hating, it is through them that one should step over for great things!
Or not?As a result, Marmeladov, along with sleep and Dunya, becomes the third of the main evidence that Raskolnikov is still good. After all, the unfortunate protagonist (“Crime and Punishment”) does everything to help the drunkard.
The kind of ruined life touches the soul of Rodion.He cannot simply look at the suffering of another person. He is not able to stay away from grief, and even being in terrible spiritual throwing, is obliged to help.
All the characters of Dostoevsky are incredibly lively, with a broad and interesting biography. They are personalities, real people.
The list of heroes of "Crime and Punishment" is extensive,and each character in their own pity. However, one should not forget that all of them were created in order to revolve around Rodion Raskolnikov to tell his story.
And the story of Raskolnikov, above all, saysto us about repentance. Not about psychological throwing, not about choosing between “a trembling creature” and “having the right”. And all the characters work on the idea that a person needs only one step to change forever ...
