The name of the writer, enlightener, Count LeoNikolayevich Tolstoy is known to every Russian. During his life, 78 works of art were printed, and 96 more were preserved in the archives. And in the first half of the twentieth century, a complete collection of works, numbering 90 volumes, was published, including numerous novels, novels, stories, essays, etc., and letters from this great man, who had a great talent and exceptional personal qualities. In this article, let us recall the most interesting facts from the life of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
In his youth, the Count was known as a gambler and loved,unfortunately, not very successful, playing cards. It so happened that the part of the house in Yasnaya Polyana, where the writer's childhood was spent, was given for debts. Subsequently, in an empty place Tolstoy planted trees. Ilya Lvovich, his son, recalled how he once asked his father to show in the house the room where he was born. And Leo Nikolayevich pointed to the top of one of the larch, adding: "There." And the leather sofa on which it happened, he described in the novel "War and Peace". These are interesting facts from the life of Leo Tolstoy, related to the family estate.
As for the house itself, then two of its two-storeyThe wing was preserved and eventually expanded. After the marriage and the birth of the children Tolstoy's family grew, and new premises were built in parallel.
Lev Nikolaevich always distinguished his attachment tofamily. The writer believed that it is she who plays the main role in the life of any person. With his wife, Sofya Andreevna, they lived in love and harmony for fifteen years. Then began to arise quarrels on the basis of the negative relationship of the graph to property and the revision of his life values.
Tolstoy's family had thirteen children, fiveof whom they died in infancy. The count never spared time for them, and before the crisis of the 80s he liked to make pranks. For example, if a jelly was served during dinner, the father noticed that it was good for them to glue together the boxes. Children immediately brought to the table paper, and the process of creativity began.
Another example.Someone in the family was sad or even burst into tears. Observing this graph in a moment organized the "Numidian cavalry". He jumped up, raised his hand and rushed around the table, and after him the children rushed.
Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich always distinguished by loveto the literature. He regularly arranged evening readings in his house. Somehow I took Jules Verne's book without pictures. Then he began to illustrate it himself. And although the artist turned out not very good, the family was delighted with what they saw.
Children and comic poems of Tolstoy Leo rememberedNikolayevich. He read them in the wrong German language with the same goal: to cheer up the house. By the way, very few people know that there are several poetic works in the writer's creative heritage. For example, "Duren", "Volga-hero". Basically, they were written for children and entered the famous "ABC".
The works of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy were forwriter in the way of studying human characters in their development. Psychologism in the image often required the author of great mental stress. So, while working on Anna Karenina with the writer, it was almost a disaster. He was in such a difficult mental state that he was afraid to repeat the fate of his hero Levin and commit suicide. Later in the Confession, Leo Tolstoy noted that the thought of this was so persistent that he even carried out a lace from the room where he was changing his clothes and refused to hunt with a gun.
Biography of Tolstoy Leo Nikolayevich wellstudied and contains a lot of stories about how he was excommunicated. Meanwhile, the writer has always considered himself a believer, and from the year 77 he strictly observed all the posts and attended every church service for several years. However, after visiting the Optina desert in the 81st year, everything changed. Leo Nikolayevich went there with his footman and schoolteacher. We went, as expected, with a knapsack, in bast shoes. Once at the monastery, they found terrible dirt and strict discipline.
Arrived pilgrims settled on generalgrounds that outraged the footman, who always treated the master as a master. He turned to one of the monks and said that the old man was Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Creativity of the writer was well known, and he was immediately transferred to the best hotel room. After returning from Optina desert, the count expressed his dissatisfaction with such ranks, and from that time changed his attitude to church conventions and his employees. All ended with the fact that in one of the posts he took a cutlet for his lunch.
By the way, in the last years of his life the writer became a vegetarian, completely giving up meat. But while eating eggs every day in different forms.
In the early 80's - this is reported biographyTolstoy Leo Nikolayevich - the writer finally came to the conviction that idle life and luxury do not color a person. He was long tormented by the question of how to act: sell all his property and leave his beloved wife and unskilled children to work without money? Or rewrite the whole state on Sofya Andreevna? Later Tolstoy shares everything between family members. At this difficult time for him - the family had already moved to Moscow - Lev Nikolaevich liked to go to the Vorobyovy Gory, where he helped the peasants to cut wood. Then he learned cobbler's craft and even he designed shoes and summer shoes of canvas and leather, which he walked all summer. And every year he helped peasant families, in which there was no one to plow, sow and harvest bread. Not everyone approved of this life of Lev Nikolaevich. Tolstoy did not understand even in his own family. But he remained adamant. And one summer, the whole Yasnaya Polyana broke into artels and went out to mow. Among those who worked there was even Sofia Andreevna, who raked the grass with rakes.
Noting interesting facts from the life of LeoNikolayevich Tolstoy, you can recall the events of 1898. In Mtsensk and Chernen Uyezd, hunger erupted once again. The writer, dressed in an old retinue and pillars, with his knapsack along with his son, who volunteered to help him, personally traveled all the villages and found out where the situation really was beggarly. For a week they compiled lists and created approximately twelve canteens in each county, where they were fed, first of all, children, the elderly and sick. The products were brought from Yasnaya Polyana, cooked two hot meals a day. Tolstoy's initiative provoked a negative on the part of the authorities, who established constant control over him, and local landlords. The latter felt that such actions of the graph may lead to the fact that soon they themselves will have to plow the field and milk their cows.
Once in one of the dining-rooms entered stanovoy and startedconversation with the earl. He complained that although he approves of the writer's deed, but is a servant, he does not know how to be - it was a question of permission for such activities of the governor. The writer's answer was simple: "Do not serve where you are forced to act against conscience". And this was the whole life of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
In 1901, the writer fell ill with severe fever andon the advice of doctors went to the Crimea. There, instead of curing, he also caught inflammation and typhoid fever. Hope that he survived, almost no choice. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, whose work contains many works with a description of death, was prepared morally for her. He was not at all afraid to part with life. The writer even said goodbye to his relatives. And although he could only speak in a half-whisper, each of his children gave valuable advice for the future, as it turned out, nine years before his death. This was very useful, since nine years later, none of the members of the family - and they almost all gathered at the station Astapovo - to the patient were not allowed.
Back in the 90's, Lev Nikolaevich in his diaryspoke about what he would like to see his funeral. After ten years in "Memoirs" he tells the story of the famous "green wand", buried in a ravine next to the oaks. And already in 1908, the dictator dictates the desire: to bury him in a wooden coffin in the place where they were looking for a source of eternal goodness as a child.
Tolstoy Leo Nikolayevich, according to his will,buried in the park of Yasnaya Polyana. At the funeral were attended by several thousand people, among whom were not only friends, admirers of creativity, writers, but also local peasants, whom he had treated with care and understanding all his life.
Interesting facts from the life of Lev NikolaevichTolstoy also relate to his will for creative heritage. Writer was drafted six wills: in 1895 (diary entries), 1904 (letter to Chertkov), 1908 (dictated by Gusev), twice in 1909 and in 1010. According to one of them, all his records and works came into general use. According to others, Chertkov was transferred to them. In the end, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy creativity and all his records bequeathed to his daughter Alexandra, with sixteen years of becoming an assistant to her father.
According to the testimony of relatives, the writer is always ironicbelonged to prejudice. But he considered the figure twenty-eight special for himself and loved. What was it - a simple coincidence or a fate fate? It is not known, but many of the most important events in life and the first works of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy are connected with it. Here is their list:
