As one of the most commonly usedroad construction materials today uses asphalt, GOST which requires the need to maintain density and composition. To date, there are several brands, varieties and types of this material. The basis for classification is not only the original components, but also the ratio in the composition of their mass fractions. The asphalt is divided into categories also for the reason that the constituents may have different fractions, as regards crushed stone and sand, and also the degree of purification of the mineral powder.
Asphalt composition assumes the availability of:
As for rubble, some varietiesThis coating does not provide for its use. However, gravel or gravel is necessary if asphalting of the territory is carried out taking into account strong short-term loads and high traffic to the cover. These materials act as a frame-forming protective element.
As a mandatory starting materialA mineral powder is used, it is contained in the composition of any varieties and grades of asphalt. The mass fraction of this powder is determined taking into account the requirements and tasks for viscosity. If you use a mineral powder in a large volume, the material will get the ability to quench the vibrations of bridge structures without covering with cracks.
As mentioned above, sand is used inmost brands and types of asphalt. Its quality is determined by the degree of purification and the method of production. The material can be extracted by open method, in this case it requires thorough cleaning. The cornerstone of the industry is bitumen. This is a product of oil refining.
Mass fraction of bitumen in most varietiesasphalt does not exceed 5%. However, if necessary, asphalting of areas that have a complex terrain, bitumen can be applied in a volume of up to 10% or more. This raw material gives the density and elasticity of the mixture after solidification. The finished composition is easily distributed on the site, because it has fluidity.
The density of asphalt is one of the firstCharacteristics that are of interest to professionals and private developers. Its natural variety is a low-melting solid mass of black color. On the fracture, the material may have a dull or shiny color.
The density of asphalt is 1.1 g / cm³.The melting point can vary from 20 to 100 ° C. The composition contains oil in a volume of 25 to 40%, as well as tar-asphaltene, which can be contained in a volume of 60 to 75%. As for the elemental composition in percent, it looks like this:
The density of asphalt is already known to you, but thisThe characteristic is not the only one that interests consumers. Among other features, it is necessary to distinguish the method of formation from residues or fractions of oil as a result of evaporation of light constituents and oxidation under the influence of hypergenesis.
Artificial asphalt is still calledasphalt-concrete mixture. It is a compacted composition of mineral powder, crushed stone, bitumen and sand. There is a hot asphalt, which is stacked by the method of compaction when exposed to a temperature of 180 ° C or more. If low-viscosity bitumen is used in the production process, the laying is carried out at a temperature ranging from 40 to 80 ° C. If liquid bitumen is used, the asphalt is cold and compacted at a temperature of -30 ° C.
The density of coarse-grained asphalt wasmentioned above, but you should also know that the percentage of ingredients in the composition affects the brands and types of asphalt. Today, there are generally accepted three varieties, which are manufactured in accordance with GOST 9128-2009. In these standards, you can learn about the possibility of adding additives that increase the hydrophobicity, frost resistance, wear resistance and flexibility of the coating.
Asphalt of grade 1 contains:
This coating includes dense materials,which content of rubble can vary from 30 to 60%. This should include high-density, crushed high-porous and porous asphalt. Asphalt, the GOST of which must be taken into account in production, can be manufactured under the brand 2. This material contains:
This category includes highly poroussandy, porous, as well as dense asphalts, in which the content of crushed stone can vary from 30 to 50%, while the mixture from screening crushing and sand can amount to 70%.
The density of asphalt is already known to you, but you need to know also that there is a brand of asphalt 3, it contains:
In this case we are talking about mixtures, crushed stone and gravel in which can be contained in the range from 30 to 50%. The screening of crushing and sand is contained in a volume of 30 to 70%.
The density of asphalt (t / m3) is 1.1.However, this is not all that one should know about properties. For example, grade 1 asphalt can be highly porous or dense with a high content of crushed stone. The area of use of this cover is road improvement and construction. As for grade 2 asphalt, the range of its density remains approximately the same, but the percentage of gravel and sand varies widely. This asphalt is considered the most average. A mixture is used to build roads, arrange areas, repair coatings, as well as the formation of sites and parking lots.
The density of asphalt (t / m3) is 1.1.But this parameter is not the only one you should know. For example, it is worth mentioning the asphalt deposit that extends to the territory of the former USSR, the island of Trinidad, Venezuela, France and Canada. Mixed with mineral constituents, among which gravel and sand, the material turns into a powerful bark on the surface of oil lakes. Such a covering is common in the areas of exit and shallow occurrence of oil-bearing rocks to the surface of the earth.
