Старинный русский город Рязань на Оке с distinctive history and appearance is a major scientific and industrial center of central Russia. During its long history, the town went through different stages, it embodied all the peculiarities of Russian life. The population of Ryazan, which is steadily increasing, can be generally viewed as a small model of Russia. This city combines unique and typical features and this is especially interesting.
In the center of the East European Plain, betweenthe great Russian rivers Oka and Volga, located Ryazan, whose population we consider in the article. The area of the city is 224 square meters. km From Moscow, the settlement is separated by about 180 km. The city is located in the zone of deciduous and coniferous forests and steppes. About 36 hectares of urban areas are occupied by forests. The Ryazan region is adjacent to such regions as the Moscow, Tula, Vladimir, Lipetsk, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod and Tambov regions, as well as Mordovia. At the same time, Ryazan occupies a very convenient location at the crossroads of many transport routes, this has a positive effect on the development of the city. It is located in an area rich in water resources. In addition to the Oka, several rivers of different size still flow here, the largest of which is Trubezh. The relief of the city is mostly flat, with small elevation differences.
The location of the city in the center of the mainland createshere conditions of a temperate continental climate. This means that the city has a warm summer and a not so severe winter. The temperature difference between the summer and winter periods reaches 30 degrees. The population of the city (Ryazan has a lot of residents) is well adapted to such differences. Seasons in the region almost exactly coincide with the calendar seasons. Summer begins at the very end of May and ends at the beginning of September. The average summer temperature is +18 degrees, but during the day the air can warm up to 25 degrees. The average annual temperature indicators are kept in the region of plus 8-9 degrees. Winter begins at the end of November and ends at the end of March. On average, in January, the thermometer shows about minus 9 degrees.
The region has a lot of precipitation (540mm), the most rainy are July and August, the most snowfall is in January-February. Snow cover is established in the city at the end of November. In the year the sun shines in Ryazan about 1900 hours.
Ecology in the city is quite acutea problem. Industrial enterprises, especially the chemical industry, pollute the Oka air and water. Contributes to the abundance of transport. Therefore, in some areas, such as Khimvolokno, Southern Center, a large amount of harmful substances is detected in the air. Therefore, the population of Ryazan prefers to live closer to forests, for example, in the area of the Meschersky forests in the north of the city.
The most ancient parking of people in the territoryModern Ryazan belongs to the Paleolithic era, the oldest archaeological find on these lands is a silicon hack, which is at least 80 thousand years old. Fertile soils, forests with berries, mushrooms and animals, reservoirs full of fish - all this made these places very comfortable to live.
Today, there is a debate between scientists about whatshould the population in Ryazan be considered indigenous: Finno-Ugric, Mordovian, Slavic or Meshchersky tribes? The role of every nation in the development of this territory is still being clarified. But it is known that it was the Slavs in the 6th-8th centuries who created several large settlements in these places. In the 7th century, the city of Pereyaslavl was located here, which was actively involved in trade with many other lands. The city was first located at the top of the Kremlin hill, but the population growth led to the expansion of the settlement. For the defense of the inhabitants dig a deep ditch around.
By the 12th century, Murom-Ryazan was formed here.princedom At the time of the Mongol invasion, the city was destroyed almost to the ground, and it took several centuries to restore its former power. By the 14th century, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky became a major handicraft and trade center of Kievan Rus. The city lay on the way from the north-east to the south of Russia and further, up to Venice.
In 1778 the city finally became known asRyazan and headed the province. Residents of Ryazan actively participated in all the events of Russia: wars, uprisings, coups - nothing passed by. In the 50s of the 20th century there was a rapid growth of industrial enterprises and defense complex. Ryazan is becoming a major center for training military personnel. Today the city is one of the largest settlements in central Russia.
Officially, the population of Ryazan for 2014 livedin four urban districts: Moscow, Zheleznodorozhny, Soviet and October. But in the view of the Ryazan people themselves, the city is divided into a much larger number of districts. So, in the west of the city there are such parts as Dygilevo and military camp, settlements Moscow, Mervino, Kanishchevo. Sovetsky district is located in the central part of the city, and residents call it so - the center. In the south Gororoshcha is located, the villages of Yuzhny and Dashki. In the west is the village of Stroitel, this is the most unfavorable place to live in Ryazan.
Monitoring the number of residents in Ryazan begins at1811 Then 7,8 thousand people lived in the city. In the 19th century, there were fluctuations in the number of inhabitants, this was due to various historical events (the war of 1812, peasant revolts). By the beginning of the 20th century there were 46 thousand people. From this time begins the steady growth of the population of the city. A small decrease in the number falls on the years of the revolution, and later only an increase in the number of citizens is recorded. Even the Second World War did not lead to a decrease in the number of Ryazan people. Only in the post-perestroika years there was a negative trend. But later the situation gets better. The population of Ryazan on January 1, 2014 is 530,341 people. There is an annual increase of 2 thousand inhabitants. At the moment, 534,762 people live in the city.
5 thousand people die in the city annuallymore than born. Positive dynamics of general indicators provide migrants. It is thanks to them that the population is growing. Ryazan is located in the vicinity of the capital region, which allows people to travel to work. Therefore, new residents constantly come to the city. The mortality rate and life expectancy here does not differ as a whole from the national indicators. And like many cities in the country, Ryazan is gradually "aging", the number of elderly people is increasing.
Общая численность населения (Рязань) сильно depends on migrants for whom this place is a convenient transit point from Central Asia to metropolitan regions. The good security of the city with its own industrial and industrial enterprises and its proximity to the Moscow Region make it possible to keep unemployment here at a low level, an average of 3.5%. The population of Ryazan demonstrates the so-called pendulum migration. Quite a few residents are employed in work in the metropolitan area, but at the same time live here.
As in many cities of Russia, the population of Ryazanexperiencing economic difficulties. However, the city has a stable economy due to the work of enterprises of mechanical engineering, oil refining, food industry. A large contribution to the economy is made by several scientific and educational centers, which have a positive effect on the rejuvenation of the city’s population. In Ryazan, the tourist and service fields of activity are actively developing. The main difficulties in the city are connected with the condition of roads, obsolescence of utility networks, and the lack of new housing.
