Beyond the Ural Mountains, on the border of Europe and Asia,housed Chelyabinsk region. These lands are famous for their unique nature, powerful heavy industry and people. The population of the Chelyabinsk region is proud of the talents born once, such as V. Zhukovsky, D. Mendeleev, I. Kurchatov.
The region is located in the middle and southern Urals,between such large neighbors as the Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Kurgan regions, Bashkortostan and Kazakhstan. The area of the region is 88.5 thousand square meters. km Most of the region is located on the Trans-Ural Plain and the West Siberian Lowland, a small part covers the eastern slope of the Ural mountain range. The relief of the local territories is very diverse: there are mountains, forests, lakes, hills and plains. The highest point of the region is Mount Nurlat (1,400 m). The region is rich in hydro resources, the river network is organized by three large rivers: the Kama, Tobol and the Urals. Here are their upper reaches, so the rivers do not yet have the power that is characteristic of them in other regions. But their numerous sources and tributaries create a good water supply of the region.
In total, almost 500 rivers of various kinds flow here.size. The area is extremely rich in minerals. For the extraction of magnesite, graphite, talc and dolomite, the region is a monopolist in Russia. Also here discovered and developed oil and gas fields. The uniqueness of the Chelyabinsk region is that it is located at once in 4 natural zones: forest, steppe, forest-steppe and mountain-taiga. Therefore, there is a very rich flora and fauna, and there are also favorable conditions for growing various crops. Such favorable conditions contributed to the fact that people have settled here from ancient times.
Chelyabinsk region is located in the areacontinental climate with long cold winters and short hot summers. The Ural Mountains do not allow air masses from the Atlantic to penetrate into the region and are good at keeping anticyclones from Asia. The average winter temperature is minus 17 degrees, in the summer - plus 16. For many years, the population of the Chelyabinsk region has successfully adapted to the local climate and has learned to grow a lot of agricultural products in the region.
Ecology in the area in which it is actively workingA large number of manufacturing companies and factories, causing anxiety. Despite the fact that sanitary services claim that everything is within the normal range, however, when approaching major cities, the naked eye could see. And residents say that there is a lot of soot in the air, which settles on all objects.
Первые люди на территории современной Челябинской areas appeared in the Paleolithic era. In the 17-16 centuries BC. e. here there was a proto-city civilization, monuments of ancient times can be seen in the reserve "Arkaim" and in the Ipatiev Cave. In the new era, the Scythians, Sakas and Sarmatians periodically lived here. They were later replaced by the Huns, the Turks, and the proto-Magyars. In the era of the seizure of land by the Mongol-Tatar army, these territories became part of their empire. New history begins in the 18th century, when the Chelyabinsk fortress is being built. In 1744 these lands became part of the Orenburg province. Later they were assigned to different administrative units. Only in 1943, the region acquired its current shape. The population of the Chelyabinsk region actively participated in all historical events of the country, and today the region is an important part of the Russian economy.
Челябинская область (в соответствии с указом 2006) is divided into 16 urban districts and 27 municipalities. In the region there are only 27 cities and 1244 settlements of different scale. If we consider the population of the Chelyabinsk region in cities, then it can be noted that the largest settlements in this area of the region are such cities as Chelyabinsk (1,200,000 people) and Magnitogorsk (417,000 people). The remaining settlements are much smaller in the number of inhabitants. There are only three cities with a population from 100 to 200 thousand: Zlatoust, Miass, Kopeisk. Most of all in the region of small cities with the number of inhabitants less than 20 thousand. The department, which is responsible for the social protection of the population of the Chelyabinsk region, monitors the dynamics of the number of residents and notes that there is a tendency to reduce the number of inhabitants of small settlements in the region. Residents from villages are increasingly moving to cities in search of work.
Систематически отслеживать численность населения Chelyabinsk region began in 1959. Then, 2 million 976 thousand people lived in the region. Over the next 30 years, the region has steadily increased, and by 1991 there were 3 million 700 thousand inhabitants. Since the time of perestroika, a long period of reducing the number of inhabitants in the region begins. For 20 years, it has decreased by 300 thousand people. Since 2012, the slow growth has begun, and today the population of the Chelyabinsk region is 3 million 500 thousand people. The largest increase in this case is shown by large cities in the region: Chelyabinsk and Magnitogorsk.
The region demonstrates a stable economicdevelopment. The main industries in the region are metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, energy, electronics, nuclear industry, as well as services and processing. The pride of the region is metallurgical enterprises, in the region there are also 16 large industrial enterprises that manufacture about 60% of the total metal products of the country. On the basis of its own metallurgical production work 9 large machine-building enterprises. The department of employment of the population of the Chelyabinsk region calculated that 48% of the inhabitants of the region are employed in various spheres of production. The regional economy is steadily growing in the segment of the food industry and the service sector. Local agriculture copes well with providing the region with essential products: vegetables, bread, meat, dairy products.
Statistics show stable employmentpopulation of the Chelyabinsk region. In 2016, unemployment is about 2%, which is a good indicator for the national average. A variety of industrial enterprises allows finding work for both qualified and unqualified personnel, both men and women. The economic crisis in the country makes employment a little difficult, so unemployment added 0.5% over the year. However, statistics show that in smaller cities and rural settlements there is less work, which leads to labor migration of the population. Residents are redistributed within the region: they move from villages to cities. A part of the population makes daily transfers to the place of work in the city.
The highest population density in the regionChelyabinsk shows - about 2,200 people per 1 square. km, in Magnitogorsk this parameter is about 1000 people, and the average population density in the region is only 39 people per 1 square meter. km Sexual differentiation among the inhabitants of the region fits into the all-Russian trend: 1,884 men account for 1,894 men. The relatively prosperous economic situation in the region contributes to the fact that the population of the Chelyabinsk region is gradually rejuvenated. The birth rate in recent years has grown, but still can not outrun mortality. Therefore, there is a slight negative change in the number of residents in the region, but the situation is saved by migration.
