The modern world is very large and diverse.If you look at the political map of our planet, then you can count 230 countries that are very different from each other. Some of them have a very large territory and occupy, if not a whole, then half of the continent, others in area may be smaller than the largest cities in the world. In some countries, the population is multinational, in others all people have local roots. Some areas are rich in minerals, others have to do without natural wealth. Each of them is unique and has its own characteristics, but scientists still managed to identify common features that could unite the states into groups. Thus was created the typology of the countries of the modern world.
As you know, development is very ambiguous.a process that can proceed quite differently, depending on the conditions affecting it. This is the reason for the typology of the countries of the world. Each of them experienced certain historical events that directly influenced its evolution. But at the same time there is a group of indicators that can often be found in approximately the same set of other territorial associations. On the basis of such similarities, a typology of the countries of the modern world is built.
But such a classification cannot be based onlyon one or two criteria, so scientists are doing a great job of collecting data. On the basis of such an analysis, a group of similarities is defined, which connect similar countries.
The indicators that researchers find are notcan be united only in one group, as they belong to different spheres of life. Therefore, the typology of the countries of the world is based on different criteria, which has led to the emergence of many classifications that depend on the chosen factor. Some of them evaluate economic development, others - political and historical aspects. There are those that are built on the standard of living of citizens or on the geographical location of the territory. Time can also make adjustments, and the main typologies of countries around the world can change. Some of them become obsolete, others just appear.
Например, на протяжении целого века достаточно actual was the division of the economic structure of the world into capitalist (market relations) and socialist (planned economy) countries. A separate group at the same time were the former colonies, which gained independence and are at the beginning of their development. But over the past few decades, events have occurred that have shown that the socialist economy has outlived itself, although it still remains central in several countries. Therefore, this typology was relegated to the background.
The value of the division of states withterms of science. Since this allows scientists to build their research that could indicate developmental errors and ways to avoid them to others. But the typology of the countries of the world has great practical value. For example, the UN - one of the most famous organizations in Europe and around the world - develops a strategy of financial support for the weakest and most vulnerable countries on the basis of the classification carried out.
Also, the division is made to calculaterisks that may affect the development of the economy as a whole. This helps to more accurately determine the financial growth and interaction of all parties in the market. Therefore, it is not only theoretically important, but also an applied task, which is taken very seriously at the global level.
Наиболее распространенной и часто применяемой is the classification of states by socio-economic level of development. Based on this criterion, two types are distinguished. The first of these is developed countries. These are 60 separate territories, which are distinguished by a high standard of living of citizens, great financial opportunities and considerable influence throughout the civilized world. But this type is very heterogeneous and is also divided into several subgroups:
Thus, the typology of the countries of the world in terms of development has this first group. These leaders equate the rest of the world, and they determine all the processes in the international arena.
Но типология стран мира по уровню экономического Development has a second subgroup - these are developing states. Most of the land on our planet is occupied by just such territorial associations, and at least half of the population lives here. Such countries are also divided into several types:
For the second type, the characteristic features are poverty, the colonial past, frequent political conflicts, poor development of science, medicine and industry.
Социально-экономическая типология стран мира It shows how different the living conditions of people who live in a particular territory. One of the decisive factors in the development was the historical events, as some were able to cash in on the colonies, while others gave all their resources to the conquerors at that time. The mentality of the people themselves is also important, because in some countries, those who came to power seek to improve their state, in others - they care only about their well-being.
Another of the clearest examples of separationis a typology of the countries of the world by population. This criterion is very important, since it is people who are considered the most important resource a country can possess. After all, if the population decreases from year to year, then this can lead to the extinction of the nation. Therefore, the typology of countries of the world in size is also very popular. Rating on this basis is as follows:
In this list, Russia is on the 9th place withpopulation - 146.3 million. Natural population growth in the Russian Federation in 2014 amounted to 25 thousand people. The smallest number of people live in the Vatican - 836, and this is easily explained by territorial conditions.
Typology of the countries of the world by area is also quite interesting. It divides the state into 7 groups:
Thus, the basis of the typology of countries of the worldsize - an area that can vary from 17 million square kilometers (Russia) to 44 hectares (the Vatican). These figures may change due to military conflicts or the voluntary desire of part of the country to disconnect and create their own state. Therefore, these ratings are constantly updated.
Much in the development of the state decides hislocation If it is located at the intersection of sea lanes, then the level of the economy rises significantly due to the cash flow around water transport. If there is no access to the sea, then there is no such profit for this territory. Therefore, the geographical position of the country is divided into:
Typology of the countries of the world by geographyalso quite interesting and diverse. But it has an exception, which is Australia, as it is the only state in the world that occupies the territory of the entire continent. Therefore, it combines several types.
Валовый внутренний продукт – это все блага, which could produce one state for the year on its territory. This criterion has already been used above, but it should be noted separately, as scientists say that the economic typology of the countries of the world in terms of GDP is to be separate. As you know, on June 1 of each year, the day of the World Bank update the lists of countries at an estimated level of GDP. Income categories are divided into 4 types:
В 2013 году Российская Федерация вместе с Чили, Uruguay and Lithuania were transferred to a group of countries that have a high level of income. But, unfortunately, there is a reverse trend for some countries, for example, for Hungary. She again returned to the third stage of classification. Therefore, it should be noted that the economic typology of countries for GDP is very unstable and is updated every year.
On our planet, less and less remainsterritories that would not be occupied by the city. This process of developing virgin virgin lands is called urbanization. The UN conducted research in this area, as a result of which a classification and typology of the countries of the world by the proportion of urban residents in the total population of an individual state was compiled. The modern world is designed so that cities have become the place of the greatest concentrations of people. Despite the rapid growth of these settlements, urbanization has a different level in different countries. For example, Latin America and Europe are very densely dotted with these settlements, but South and East Asia have more rural populations. This indicator is updated every 3 years. In 2013, the most up-to-date rating was published:
The Russian Federation is on this list 51place with 74.2% urbanization. This indicator is very important, because it is a component of the economic development of the country. It is in the cities that most of the production is concentrated. If the population is mostly engaged in agriculture, then this indicates a low level of wealth of citizens. If you look at the statistics, you can easily note that the richest countries have a very large share of urbanization, but at the same time they are also industrial.
Thus, our world is filled with diversitycountries. There are a huge number of them, and they all do not resemble each other. Each has its own culture and traditions, its own language and mentality. But there are factors that unite many states. Therefore, for greater convenience, they are grouped. The criteria for the typology of countries of the world can be very different (economic development, GDP growth, quality of life, area, population, geographical location, urbanization). But they all unite the state, making them more close and understandable to each other.
