The typology of conflicts is an attempt to classifyobjects in the science of conflictology. At present, there are many ways to structure conflicts according to their characteristics, but scientists have not come to a common opinion, which of the classifications is the most universal and can be applied in any field. In the social sciences typology and classification are very difficult because of the complexity of components that have different shades of meaning and are often interrelated. That is why in this article we will consider several variants of the typology of conflict situations.
Typology of conflicts by the number of participants
So, here there are 4 types of conflicts:
- Intergroup.This is a conflict that occurs between two or more groups of people. The number of participants is not limited. A vivid example of an inter-group conflict is the elite and the masses or nationalists and cosmopolitans. Here groups pursue incompatible goals, have different values and ways of life, which leads to a contradiction.
- Conflict between a person and a group. It occurs when the behavior of an individual in a group does not correspond to its rules, interests, values and needs.
- Conflict between personalities.In this case, people are members of the same group, but they have opposing views on any phenomena or processes that are important to them. Also there is presented such a variant of the relationship, when two persons are striving to achieve the goal, provided that only one of them can achieve the desired one.
- Intrapersonal.It occurs when a contradiction arises in the personality between two interests, which are equally important for it. Examples of personal conflicts are often vividly depicted in psychological novels.
Typology of conflicts by duration
- Short-term.This category of acute conflicts, which have a strong emotional color. In this case, people express their negative attitude affectively, which sometimes leads to tragic results. It is not so much the radical position that matters, but the manifestation of the nature of the opponents.
- Long. This type of conflict as well as the previous one is acute, but their difference is that this type has a consistent contradiction in the positions of opponents.
- Sluggish.This is a weakly expressed type, typical for situations in which a small contradiction arises between people. It often arises if one of the personalities is not interested in open confrontation.
- Fast flowing. This is one of the most "successful" forms of conflict, since most often the situation is resolved by reconciliation of opponents.
Typology of conflicts for reasons of origin
- Ideological. It is based on a contradiction in the attitudes of individuals on state, collective, value and social issues.
- Economic. There is a problem of providing, when one person (or group) is interested in material support with the help of another.
- Family-household. It is due to the disharmony of family relations. The causes of such conflicts can be both minor domestic problems and ideological discrepancies.
- Socially-psychological.Here the cause of the conflict is, first of all, the psychological incompatibility of individuals who may be aware of the reasons for dislike or have no relevant arguments.
Typology of social conflicts
For this typology there is no unambiguous classification, so we will consider several of them:
- L. Kozer distinguishes realistic and unrealistic, the difference between which is that the former arise because of objective circumstances, and the latter affect the emotional sphere of groups of people.
- A. Rapoport identifies three types of social conflicts: struggle, debate and games.
- The listed types of conflicts, in turn, are subdivided into constructive and destructive, as well as antagonistic and compromise.
Typology of political conflicts
The cause of political conflicts is always the thirst for power. The typology of this category consists of three parameters:
- Area of distribution. It can be internal political and interstate conflicts.
- Type of political system. For example, the conflict of totalitarian and democratic regimes.
- Typology of the subject. Here there can be a status-role, conflict of interests and values.
