Forms of culture and its types - it is quite complicateda structure that affects regional, historical, national, and all other areas of human life. With all this we are trying to figure it out now.
The typology of culture is its classification according to various characteristics. Consider for what.
By type of activity and method of satisfying human needs, culture is divided into:
one.Material culture, which is based on a reproductive, rational form of activity. It is expressed in the objective-objective form and is designed to satisfy the primary needs of the person. As part of this type, such forms of culture as labor culture, habitats, and everyday life are distinguished.
2Spiritual culture, which is based on a creative, rational type of activity and is designed to meet the secondary human needs. This type consists of religious, moral, legal, political, pedagogical, intellectual culture.
3Artistic culture, it is based on a creative, irrational type of activity and is designed to satisfy secondary human needs. It can be expressed in both subjective and objective-objective forms. Artistic culture consists of pure (architecture, music, dance, cinema, painting) and applied art (floristry, cosmetology, cooking, hairdressing, etc.).
4. Physical culture, which is designed to meet the basic human needs. This includes sports, recreational, sexual culture.
By carrier culture is divided into:
1. World, which is a synthesis of the national cultures of all peoples inhabiting planet Earth.
2. National (ethnic), which is characterized by experience and characteristics of residence, customs, rules, customs, language, adopted in a particular territory.
Separately, it should be mentioned such a thing asa subculture that not only differs from the culture dominant in a particular society, but even opposes, conflicts with accepted values, ideals, norms of behavior, etc.
The main forms of culture
In accordance with who creates a culture and at what level it is located, it is customary to distinguish its following forms.
one.The culture of the elite (high), which is created by a privileged society. The motto of this form is: "Art for the sake of art." This may include individual art, poetry, etc. associations.
2Folk (collective) culture, which, in contrast to the elite, was created by unknown creators who did not have any professional training. Examples of this form: folk songs, dances and fairy tales, myths, folklore, customs, traditions.
3. Mass culture that has developed with the development of the media. This form is created for the mass and the mass is consumed.
In mass culture is not expressed anyexquisite aristocratic tastes or spiritual quest for a particular people. This form acquired its greatest scope in the middle of the last century, when the media penetrated many countries. The mechanism of propagation of this culture is directly related to the market.
Массовая культура может быть национальной и international. As a rule, it has a lower artistic value than the first two forms of culture. However, unlike them, the mass is always the author and has a large audience. Samples of mass culture tend to go out of fashion, to lose their relevance, which never happens with the works of elite and folk cultures.
The role of culture in human life
The role of culture in the life of people can be expressed in the following list of its functions:
1. Adaptive function. Culture allows a person to adapt to the social and natural environment.
2. Cognitive function. Culture provides a person with socially significant or true knowledge of the environment, which allows him to adapt as successfully as possible.
3. Value function. Culture carries out the goal-setting of human development, determines the norms of behavior adopted in a particular society.
4. Information and communicative function.Culture allows preserving and transmitting socially significant information in space and time, which is the guarantor of mutual understanding and unity of this or that society.
5. Regulatory (regulatory) function. Culture defines and regulates various types and aspects of personal and social activities of people (in everyday life, at work, in interpersonal relations).
6. Semiotic (sign) function. Culture is a system of certain signs, without studying which it is impossible to master cultural achievements.
