The formation of a presidential form of government in ourthe state was a difficult process, it happened relatively recently. At first, Russia was a monarchical power, at the head of which stood the king, and power was inherited. After the Great October Socialist Revolution took place, the power in the state, called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), began to belong to the Communist Party. The head of the country became the general secretary.
This position existed before coming to powerMikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, who introduced the presidency of the Soviet Union in the state. He became both the first and the last president of this state. In the future, the position of state head was determined by the presidential election. Year in Russia, who participated and the results of the vote - the topic of this article.
The very first presidential elections took placein June 1991, as a result of them, Boris Yeltsin was elected to a high position. It should be noted that at that time Russia was a republic within the Soviet Union and was called the RSFSR. Mikhail Gorbachev did not participate in this election. Presidential elections were scheduled according to the results of the referendum held in March of the same year.
There were six presidential candidates.Boris Yeltsin won with a margin from the other candidates, among whom were Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Nikolai Ryzhkov, Aman Tuleyev, Albert Makashov, and Vadim Bakatin. All of these figures have left a mark in the political life of the country to one degree or another. For example, in 1993, Zhirinovsky came to the State Duma at the head of his party - the LDPR - and remained there to this day. Ryzhkov was also elected to the State Duma, and Tuleyev became the governor of the Kemerovo Region.
The next presidential election took place five years after the very first election of the country's leader. Their result was the re-election of Boris Yeltsin.
Сегодня многие спорят о том, были ли эти выборы honest, there was no fraud and fraud. The fact is that at the time of 1995, the rating of the current president was very low and was about 3-6 percent. Also this year, elections to the State Duma were held, and the Communist Party (CPRF), headed by Zyuganov, won the majority of votes. It was expected that he would be the favorite of the 1996 presidential race. According to the results of the first round of elections, out of 11 candidates, two got an advantage - Gennady Zyuganov and Boris Yeltsin. As a result, a second round was appointed, during which Yeltsin became president of Russia.
Among the part of the supporters of the communist idea there is the opinion that the elections were rigged, and Zyuganov received a real victory, who refused to “fight to the end”.
In 1999, during New Year's greetings, Boris Yeltsin announced to the country that he was voluntarily resigning. Acting Vladimir Putin was appointed.
The outcome of the resignation of Yeltsin steel earlypresidential election held at the end of March 2000. At the time of the start of the election campaign, 33 applications were submitted, among which 28 people were nominated by initiative civil groups, and the remaining five - by political organizations and parties. Vladimir Putin was nominated not on behalf of a political party, but on behalf of an initiative group. Subsequently, 12 participants remained - the rest were not registered for one reason or another, but only 11 people took part in the elections. Shortly before the voting day one of the candidates withdrew his candidacy.
The presidential election of 2000 brought victory to Vladimir Putin. The second place was taken by Gennady Zyuganov, the leader of the Communists.
After a four-year period, a new one began.election campaign for the election of the president of the country. In mid-March 2004, presidential elections were held. The candidates did not, in fact, represent any serious competition for the current leader of the country, Vladimir Putin, which allowed him to be re-elected for a second term. It should be noted that this time the Communist Party of the Russian Federation nominated Nikolai Kharitonov instead of the unchanged Gennady Zyuganov. The LDPR did the same, instead of Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Oleg Malyshkin participated in the elections. There were also such candidates as Irina Khakamada, Sergey Mironov and Sergey Glazyev.
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the president has no rightrun for a third term. In connection with this fact, the society discussed the opinion of which of the candidates would be the “successor” of Vladimir Putin. At first it was supposed that Sergey Ivanov would become “Putin’s candidate”, but then a figure of Dmitry Medvedev appeared in the political arena. He was nominated by the political party "United Russia". In addition to him, Gennady Zyuganov from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Zhirinovsky from the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia and Andrei Bogdanov - a representative of the Democratic Party of Russia, but running as an independent candidate. Thus, only four names appeared on the ballot.
At the very beginning of March, 2 numbers, took placepresidential elections. The results were quite predictable - Putin’s protege, Dmitry Medvedev won. The second place went to Zyuganov, the third - Zhirinovsky, respectively, the last was Bogdanov.
Next presidential election in Russiaheld in March 2012. Vladimir Putin, who occupied the post of prime minister during Medvedev’s administration, decided to participate in them. In the following way, the text of the Constitution was interpreted, which states that the president cannot be elected for more than two terms in a row. As a result, an opinion emerged that after the presidency of Medvedev, the third term is “not in a row”, and Vladimir Putin calmly put forward his candidacy for the elections. Besides him, four more candidates took part - Zyuganov, Zhirinovsky, Mironov, and also Mikhail Prokhorov, nominated in the order of self-nomination. The result was the victory of Putin, who is the president to this day.
It should be noted that a number of public andpoliticians declared the elections illegal, including because Putin, who had already served as president twice, took part in them. On the eve of the inauguration, on May 6, a protest rally was held in Moscow, which grew into riots. However, this did not produce any results, except for detentions and prison sentences for the participants.
In 2008, a law was passed, according to whichThe term of office of the president was not 4 years, but 6 years. As a result, the next presidential election in Russia will take place only in 2018. At the moment, it is not known who exactly will take part in them. Whether Vladimir Putin will run for a “second” term, whether the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party will nominate their leaders or elect new candidates are questions that have not yet been answered.
