NTP in agriculture in one of its areas is represented by chemicalization - the wide application in all branches of agriculture of chemicals, methods and processes.
The main directions of chemicalization in agriculture are:
- production of mineral fertilizers and fodder phosphates;
- enrichment of soils with lime, gypsum and other substances in order to improve their structure;
- use of plant protection products by herbicides, zoocides, insecticides;
- application of growth stimulators in plant growing;
- development of new ways of producing environmentally friendly agricultural products;
- use of growth stimulants to increase the productivity of animals, introduction of dietary supplements into the diet;
- use in agriculture of polymeric materials;
- production of materials that provide means of small-scale mechanization in agriculture.
The use of chemistry in agriculture is called uponensure production growth, improve quality and extend the shelf life of products, ensure environmental requirements in agriculture and improve the efficiency of farming and livestock.
Chemistry and agriculture are two inextricableconcepts in our time. One of the main directions in agriculture is the production of fertilizers. Their effectiveness significantly increases in a complex application with other agrotechnical techniques.
By origin, all fertilizers are divided into mineral (inorganic), organic, bacterial and organo-mineral.
Chemistry and agriculture actively cooperate insphere of production and application of mineral fertilizers, which include inorganic substances obtained during the processing of inorganic raw materials. The composition of mineral fertilizers are divided into potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, as well as microfertilizers, which include molybdenum, boric, etc.
Organic fertilizers offered by chemistryand agriculture uses its own needs, it is peat, manure, food waste, cake, sulfuradelle, lupine and feces. These substances contain nutritious elements of animal and vegetable origin.
In addition to the above, there areorgano-mineral fertilizers containing mineral and organic substances in their composition. Fertilizers of this kind are obtained by treating organic substances with phosphoric acid or ammonia, or by mixing organic fertilizers, for example peat, with mineral fertilizers.
Modern chemistry and agriculture isproductive use of bacterial fertilizers, which are drugs, which contain cultures of microorganisms that can fix the organics of fertilizers and soil. These include Azotobacteria and soil nitragin.
All fertilizers used in agriculture,are subdivided by aggregate state into solid, liquid and suspended, and by agrochemical action - by direct, indirect or regulating plant growth.
Direct fertilizers are designed to providedirect nutrition of plants with various elements and microelements, and subdivided into simple (nitrogen - ammonium, ammonium, amide, nitrate, and their combinations, phosphoric - water soluble and insoluble in water, soluble in citric acid solution, and also hardly soluble, potassium - and concentrated fertilizers, microfertilizers - technical mixtures containing trace elements), and complex fertilizers.
Indirect fertilizers are used to improve fertilizer use conditions and are applied in the form of physical, chemical or microbiological effects on the soil.
