He is considered one of the most talented politicians, whose empire gave impetus to the rudiments of statehood among many peoples of Europe. Who is Karl, subsequently called the Great and what did he do?
This ruler influenced the approval of the papalstates, reflected the sacred Arab war, developed education and culture, seized new lands, carried out reforms ... The King of the Franks, then the Langobard king, the Duke of Bavaria, and in the end the emperor of the West is all about him. Karl swung to re-create the Roman Empire, and he succeeded.
Karl is the son of the king of the Franks Pepin the Short andBertrada Laon. Although it is interesting that his father came to the throne as a result of a coup, and not just inherited him as the successor of the monarch, although blue blood also flowed in his veins, as he was a duke.
Regarding the place and year of birth, historians are notmay come to a common denominator, because in some sources the year 742 is mentioned, in others - the 742nd year, and in some more - the 747th. In which city it happened, it is also one hundred percent unknown (perhaps in Aachen, Kiersey or Ingelheim). But there is no doubt about the date of death: Karl died in 814 and was buried in Aachen.
But since the throne of the Franks was captured by Pipin,so that in the future no one could challenge the legitimacy of the power of his heirs, he ordered that his two sons (Karl and his younger brother Carloman) in 754 were anointed to the throne by Pope Stephen the Second. Pepin did not transfer the right to the throne to one of his sons, but divided the territories of power between them, which should have been given to them after his death.
As a result, in 1968, Carl received Aquitaine,most of Neustria and Austrasia, as well as Thuringia, and his co-heir, Carloman, ruled over Burgundy, Provence, Gothia and Alemannia. And although, as they say, they had nothing to share, but there was always enmity between the brothers. For example, Karl had well-founded fears that his brother wanted to collude with Desiderius, the king of the Lombards.
This is why Karl made a marriage with hisdaughter Desideratoy and received the location of influential people from the environment of his father in law. This almost led to a war between the brothers, but Carloman fell ill and died in 771, and his wife was forced to flee with the children. Karl joined his domain to his own, so power over most of Europe was centralized.
Но Карл на этом не остановился.Soon all of Europe had to find out who Charlemagne was. He was haunted by the constant clashes of the Franks and Saxons both on religious (the latter adhered to paganism) and on territorial grounds, therefore in 772 he decided to start a war against them, invading Saxony.
But even before that, he sent back to Desiderate,as a good relationship with her father he was already to anything. This made the King of the Lombards really angry, and he wanted to anoint the young son Carloman Pepin to the throne. Karl immediately launched an offensive. The troops of the Lombards and the Franks met in the Alps region, but thanks to a skillful military maneuver, the latter won without much effort. Desideratus hid in his capital Pavia. But after the siege, the city surrendered, Karl forced the former father-in-law to be a monk, and he usurped the throne of Lombardy. At the same time, the king of the Franks secured peaceful relations with the papal state, promising him new lands.
When the Italian problems were solved, heresumed the war with the Saxons, in which he eventually won, although it took him 32 years to do it. As a result, the Saxons were forcibly converted to Christianity, and their territories were joined to the possessions of Charles.
Also in 787, the Duke of Bavaria Tassilon IIIHe was hidden in a monastery and gave his powers to Karl. Then it was the turn of the Slavic Lutich tribes, and then the Avars found out firsthand who Karl was. The victory was again on the side of the Franks.
Although there were also defeats, for example, in the year 777 in the battle with the Basques. A song about Roland was written in memory of this battle.
At Christmas, 800, Charles received the title of Emperor of the West.
But the king not only fought.Who is Karl as a cultural figure? He marked the beginning of a rebirth, later called the Carolinga. The emperor established a system of universal education (although this concerned only men), created the Palace Academy of Arts, headed by the poet Alcuin, and contributed to the distribution of manuscripts. Under his rule, medieval Latin was formed as the language of science, Romanesque architecture, roads, castles and defenses were built.
Despite his achievements, he had no stellardiseases. He did not like exquisite outfits and tables full of food, so he dressed almost like a commoner, and his dinners were modest and simple. Karl was fond of reading, astronomy, rhetoric. He had enviable eloquence and charisma. In addition, the emperor Charles was a religious man: he honored all rites and traditions.
So, judging from the above, Charlemagus is not for nothing called the father of Europe. He really made a huge contribution to the political, cultural and economic development of the territories under his control.
