Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery -This is the territory on which the greatest figures of Russian literature, music, visual, architectural, sculptural and theatrical art of the 19th century rest. Many tombstones are the landmark of the northern capital of Russia.
The Alexander Nevsky Monastery is the heart of the city onNeve. It was ordered to be built by Peter I, in honor of the Battle of the Neva and the feat of Prince Alexander Nevsky. The date of the completion of the construction of the Monastery (at that time of the monastery) is considered to be March 25, 1723. In May of the same year, Peter the Great ordered the relics of Prince Alexander Nevsky to be delivered from Vladimir to a new church. From those times to the present, this is the main shrine. Peter I in 1724 conferred the status of a monastery on the monastery. Monastic life here existed until the 30s of the twentieth century. This is the time when all the monasteries and temples in the country closed. The same fate befell the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Monasticism was revived here only in 1996.
On the territory of the monastery there are 4 cemeteries.Lazarevskoye was considered the most elite. To bury here the dead relative, the permission of the emperor was required. Tikhvin cemetery in the twentieth century was reconstructed. Famous architects, sculptors, artists, composers and writers rest here. The third cemetery is Nikolskoye. It was named in 1869-1871 after the construction of the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (former name Zabornoy) on the territory of the monastery. During the revolution, another cemetery appeared - the fourth, where the Cossacks were buried.
In addition, near the Trinity Cathedral, opposite its main entrance are the burials of the end of the XIX century - the beginning of the XX century, but they do not belong to any necropolis.
In 1996, Seleznev S. P., the commander of the Leningrad Military District, and his wife were buried in the cemetery. Both died in a plane crash. Their grave is located next to the church.
In 1998, G. V. Starovoytova, a State Duma deputy who was killed at the entrance of her house, was buried near the temple.
In 2000, A. Sobchak, the first measure of St. Petersburg, found everlasting peace.
In 2008, FG Uglov, the famous surgeon, was buried here.
С левой стороны от главной аллеи расположена the grave of L. N. Gumilev, a historian and son of the famous poets A. A. Akhmatova and N. S. Gumilyov. Modest Korf, a lyceum friend of A.S. Pushkin, an artist M.O. Mikeshin, an architect V.A. Kenel, and many other prominent people, also rest here. This cemetery is not as clean and well maintained as Tikhvin. The ancient tombstones have squinted here and there.
This cemetery is one of the oldest inSt. Petersburg. It appeared around the beginning of the 18th century. It is located on the left side of the main entrance to the monastery. The cemetery was laid simultaneously with the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Only very notable citizens were buried here with the personal permission of Peter I. In this place, sister of Peter Ι Natalia Alekseevna, and also his son, Tsarevich Peter, were buried in 1717. On the site of the graves a chapel of St. Lazarus was erected, after which the cemetery was named. Later their remains were transferred to the Church of the Annunciation, which turned into a royal tomb in St. Petersburg.
Большая часть захоронений на кладбище относится к 18th century, but they continued in the 19th and early 20th centuries. One of the last buried was Count S. Yu. Witte. In 1919, the Lazarevskoye cemetery was closed for burial, and in the early 1930s, a museum of artistic tombstones was organized here.
Currently, Lazarevskoye and Tikhvin cemeteries, together with the Blagoveshchensk tomb, are part of the State Museum of Urban Sculpture. Entrance to the territory of objects is paid.
The architects of St. Petersburg rest in Lazarevskoye Cemetery: A. N. Voronikhin, K. I. Rossi, A. D. Zakharov, I. E. Starov, J. Quarenghi.
M. V. Lomonosov was buried in this place, the grave stele was revived in 1832. Here, not far from the chapel, is the grave of A. Pushkin’s wife, N. N. Lanskoy-Pushkina.
Tikhvin cemetery is located oppositeLazarev. It is very popular among tourists and citizens. The necropolis was organized at the beginning of the XIX century. On the territory of Lazarevsky cemetery, there was no place left for burial grounds. In 1823, it was decided to organize a new cemetery, which was originally called New Lazarevsky. In the northern part of the necropolis in 1869, the temple of the icon of the Tikhvin Mother of God was erected. The same name was given to the cemetery.
In the late 1870s, the grave site wasfenced The stone fence has been preserved to the present. In the same year, the cemetery expanded at the expense of neighboring territories and monastic gardens. In 1881 it already occupied an area equal to the modern. The territory of the necropolis is several times larger than Lazarevsky.
Первоначально погребения здесь осуществлялись так as often as in the old Lazarev. However, since 1830, steel was mostly buried here. Some monuments of this period are preserved in the eastern part of the modern cemetery. For example, near the fence from the side of the square there was an arbor, near which the monk Patermufy was buried in 1825.
At the beginning of the 20th century there were about 1,330 tombstones in this cemetery. Next to each other were crosses of various shapes, monumental steles, altars. Many family sites were in the form of chapels and crypts.
Катастрофическим периодом для Тихвинского cemeteries became post-revolutionary years. It was not possible to preserve graves and monuments, and they quickly collapsed. In 1918, Father Peter Skipetrov died in the monastery. They were killed by soldiers who rushed into the corps, whom he tried to stop. He was buried in the Tikhvin cemetery. But his grave, like other graves of 1917-1932, did not survive.
In 1926 the Tikhvin cemetery was closed. In the 1930s, the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of Tikhvin was closed. The building originally housed a post office, and now a museum of urban sculpture.
In 1934, it was decided to create a museum on the territory of the cemetery. In the same year, the graves in the cemetery were officially ceased.
In 1935, the reconstruction of the necropolis begandedicated to the 100th anniversary of the death of A.S. Pushkin. In connection with this date, the cemetery gets its second name “Necropolis of Artists and Contemporaries of A.S. Pushkin”.
Разработал проект реконструкции архитектор Leningrad L. A. Ilyin. During the work, many ancient monuments were demolished and were lost forever. After reconstruction, the old Tikhvin cemetery was almost destroyed. At the beginning of the twentieth century there were 1,330 tombstones. After the reconstruction, about 100 were preserved. The ashes of famous sculptors, artists, artists, composers and musical figures were reburied here from other cemeteries of St. Petersburg (at that time Leningrad). About 70 monuments were transferred. Currently there are about 200 graves.
В годы Отечественной войны многие скульптурные valuables from the monuments were stored under the floor in the cave of the Annunciation tomb. The cemetery suffered greatly from the airstrikes of the German forces. In 1942, the tombstone of the actress V.N. Asenkova was destroyed. Currently, you can see the new monument, which was installed in 1955.
Сразу после окончания войны были проведены restoration work. Reconstruction and restoration of the necropolis ended in 1947, and it was open to visitors. In the late 1960s, they carried out a major overhaul of the old stone wall. The burials were practically not carried out, only the most prominent and famous figures of Soviet art were buried. The last burial was in 1989.
On the territory of the necropolis found eternal restoutstanding figures of Russian culture and art. Open air museum - Tikhvin cemetery in St. Petersburg. Who is buried here? Who has found his last refuge here?
On the right side of the entrance, there was an eternal rest, Fyodor M. Dostoevsky, next to which his wife Anna Grigorievna and grandson A. F. Dostoevsky rested.
Недалеко от Достоевских упокоились друзья Пушкина and the seconds on his duel - A. A. Delvig, K. K. Danzas. Next to them is the tomb of the admiral who traveled around the world - F. F. Matyushkin. Along the north wall, on the composer's path, are the graves of composers P. I. Tchaikovsky, M. I. Glinka, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. S. Dargomyzhsky, M. A. Balakirev, A. P. Borodin, C A. Cui, A. G. Glazunov.
To the west of these graves, artists I. N. Kramskoy, I. I. Shishkin, B. M. Kustodiev, A. I. Kuindzhi are buried in peace. Next to them is the grave of N. M. Karamzin - the famous historian, as well as his wife.
The graves are located in the central part of the cemetery.famous artists - N. K. Cherkasov, V. N. Asenkova, Yu. M. Yuriev, V. F. Komissarzhevskaya, choreographer M. I. Petipa. Busts have been installed above many graves, but some of them are distinguished by simplicity and modesty.
Along the southern fence wall is the grave of I.A. Krylov - the great Russian fabulist. NI Gnedich, a Russian poet and translator of the Iliad poem, rests nearby. The burial of the great navigator Yu. F. Lisyansky, who made the first Russian round-the-world expedition, is across the road.
In 1972, ashes brought from France, the composer AK Glazunov, were reburied in the necropolis.
The last to be buried in 1989 is the famousdirector of the theater G. A. Tovstonogov, who since 1956 headed the Bolshoi Drama Theater in Leningrad. A. M. Gorky. Above his grave is a cross with the crucifix of Christ - the work of an outstanding sculptor Levon Lazarev.
Tikhvin cemetery of St. Petersburg especiallyold, preserved the unique architectural appearance of the old Petersburg. To touch the culture of that time, you need to go to the address: St. Petersburg, the metro station "Alexander Nevsky Square", Nevsky Prospect, 179/2 a.
The necropolis is open from Monday to Sunday, with the exception of Thursday. To visit you must purchase a ticket at the box office, which is open until 17:00.
Tikhvin cemetery St. Petersburg opening hours: from 10:00 to 17:30.
Entrance to the necropolis is paid.The ticket can be purchased at the box office. The entrance fee to the territory of the Tikhvin cemetery is: for pensioners, students, and other privileged categories of citizens - 50 rubles, a regular ticket - 300 rubles.
