Ни для кого не секрет, что стабильность financial performance of any enterprise depends primarily on the literacy and feasibility of investing financial resources in assets. That is why for a qualitative assessment it is necessary to study the structure of the property, as well as the sources of its formation and the reasons for their change. By the way, in more detail, as a rule, the causes that adversely affect the financial state of the structure are considered.
Initially, according to the balance appropriatedetermine the total value of the property structure on a specific reporting date. At the same stage, it is necessary to identify deviations for each type of property by comparing information at the end and beginning of the reporting period. It should be noted that for a detailed study of changes in the structure, it is necessary to additionally calculate the specific weight of each type of property in the common currency presented in the balance sheet, and also to study the causes of structural changes in property.
Далее логично рассмотреть соотношение динамики current and non-current assets, as well as calculate the coefficient of mobility of the property. On the basis of these calculations it is advisable to form such conclusions:
The final step of the first stage is the calculation of Kmoa.The coefficient of mobility of working capital is presented as the ratio of the maximum mobile component (not only funds, but also financial investments) to the total value of OA. It is important to note that an increase in the coefficients presented above is an excellent confirmation of the acceleration of turnover of the property complex of the structure.
The coefficient of mobility of working capital is as follows: Kmoa = (DS + KFI) / OA.
It should be noted that low mobility OA- not always a negative factor. In the case of a high rate of profitability of a product, structures, as a rule, address free resources to expand and strengthen production.
It's no secret that financial conditionany structure due to its production activities. That is why, when analyzing it, it is necessary to correctly evaluate the production potential, which should include:
It is important that the presented articles contain only real assets in their structure. They characterize the capacity of the structure in the production plan (availability of reserves, etc.).
In order to correctly present the production potential, the following indicators are used:
The increase in the share of production assetsappointments at the end of the year and a larger proportion of the respective assets in the total amount of funds of the structure usually indicates a significant increase in production capacity. It is important to note that this indicator should not be lower than 50 percent (for comparison, industry indicators are usually taken as a basis in a standard relation). The share of the value of fixed assets in the total value of the structure of funds is calculated as the ratio of the residual value of the OS to the currency of the balance. Such a calculation is usually made at the beginning and at the end of the reporting period. Absolute indicators that are reflected in the process of analysis are compared with standard ones (relevant for all structures of a particular industry).
After calculating the wear rate (otherIn other words, depreciation) forms a qualitative characteristic of its changes. In order to correctly assess the OS depreciation rate, the average depreciation rate indicator is applied (the ratio of the amount of depreciation to the initial cost of the OS).
Based on the analysis of the structure of mobile devices(see the coefficient of mobility of property above) it is advisable to consider the changes that took place in the composition of the OS in general terms, then - in the context of specific articles. It would be advisable to consider the main causes of changes in working capital:
The main reasons for the decrease in working capital are the following points:
It should be noted that after the absolute figures have been identified and the overall assessment has been made, it is necessary to calculate the values of the effective use of the property.
As noted above, to assess growth potentialused a number of indicators. The coefficient of property mobility, discussed above, characterizes the sectoral specificity of the structure. But in the economy there are a number of factors used in the analysis of production. Thus, the ratio of the sum of equity and liabilities of a long-term nature to the currency of the balance reflects the share of own funds in the total amount of financial sources. It is important to note that the recommended value in this case is 0.8-0.9. The stability coefficient is the scientific name of this relationship. In accordance with the financial statements of the Russian Federation, the indicator is calculated as follows:
(CK + DO) / WB = (p. 1300, form 1 + P. 1400, form 1) / p. 1700, form 1.
The sustainability coefficient is usually analyzed indynamics. Thus, the upward trend can characterize the growth of the business activity of the structure, the expansion of its production capacity, as well as the efficiency of the management process. It is logical that the decrease in this ratio reflects a decrease in turnover, respectively, a decrease in the rate of development of the structure. It is important to note that an enterprise can achieve the maximum level of economic growth only if the profit gained is reinvested (that is, invested).
В случае преждевременного выявления ухудшения financial condition of the structure and prevention of insolvency, of course, you can prevent the collapse of the business. It is for such a case that the bankruptcy forecast coefficient is applied. This method is usually used by analysts to assess the solvency and general welfare of a company.
What should be understood by the word bankruptcy?In accordance with the concept put forward by the arbitration court, the term is defined as one of the types of financial condition of the borrower, when he does not have the ability to meet the requirements of creditors or cannot pay for payments of a mandatory nature.
The bankruptcy process performs two key tasks:elimination of debts to creditors and full recovery, as well as the subsequent strengthening of the company's activities. As a rule, economists are guided by three approaches that can help identify a possible decrease in the solvency of a legal entity. Among them, the calculation of the coefficient of solvency, forecasting of coefficients of solvency, as well as the use of a system of criteria of an unformat nature. These methods allow you to identify possible deviations in the early stages, and thus speed up the neutralization of the existing threat. They constitute a specific company management system in order to prevent a crisis, including:
Необходимо отметить, что одним из первичных signs of economic insolvency of a legal entity is the reluctance to fulfill creditors' claims for a period of three months from the time of the theoretical fulfillment of obligations.
On the financial condition of a legal entity mayto influence both objective and subjective factors. They are important to consider in order to prematurely assess the risk of insolvency. Thus, the subjective factors should include anti-increased turnover in the trading process, a reduction in the price-quality ratio, a low level of profitability, an increase in the expenditure item, as well as an increase in liabilities. The objective factors are incomplete or inaccurate reports, their delay, the increase in the ratio of debts to assets, some irregularities in the balance of assets and liabilities, and the increase in illiquidity (albeit gradually).
