"Moscow is the heart of Russia, the Kremlin is the heart of Moscow",- So says the saying. Well, indeed, Moscow started with the Kremlin, Russia - with Moscow, more precisely, with the unification of the lands around the small Moscow estate, which was singled out by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich, his 12-year-old son, in 1263.
Even vyatichi arranged a settlement (detinets) for themselvesa high hill surrounded on three sides by rivers, and subsequently surrounded by earthen ramparts and further dug ravines. Such was the first primitive protective structure. When Ivan Danilovich Kalita was built a Kremlin of oak unreachable logs. Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy built the Kremlin from white stone, from quarries, which were relatively close to Moscow. And only Ivan III, who threw off the Tatar yoke, built the Kremlin, which we now know.
The second wife of the Grand Duke of Moscow wasThe Byzantine princess, who grew up in Italy. She knew what great masters were Italian builders and architects, and therefore to build Moscow's power, in order to show everyone its greatness, the construction of a new Kremlin began by Italians, whom the people called "fry". By 1515, both brick walls and twenty towers of the Kremlin grew, including the Troitskaya tower.
Almost every tower is unique and has its ownname. Almost everyone can find interesting facts. The Konstantin-Yelenin Tower is in the place where Prince Dmitri Ivanovich went to the Kulikovo field. The Tsar's Tower is not even a tower, but rather an elegant house. From it, as legends tell us, Ivan IV watched what was being done on Red Square. The gates of the Spasskaya Tower were considered holy, because above them hung an icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands. Through them it was impossible to ride on horseback, it was necessary to dismount and be sure to remove the cap from the head. There is a legend about Napoleon. When in the captured Moscow he drove through the Spassky Gate, the wind blew, and a cocked hat trickled off his head. There is, at last, the Troitskaya tower, about which a separate story will go. The Kutafya Tower adjoins it.
Many generations of people have almost half a millenniumpleases built in 1495 by Milanese architect Aloisius, whom Muscovites called Aleviz Novy or Aleviz Fryazin, eighty-meter (with a star), the highest tower of the Kremlin - Troitskaya. In fact, its height is uneven. From the Kremlin, its height without a star is slightly more than 65 m, and with a star - almost 70 m, and if you look from the Alexander Garden, the height of the Trinity Tower is just over 76 m.
The Trinity tower is connected by a bridge that wasover the river, with the Kutafia Tower. The gate of the Trinity Tower is the second most important after the Spassky. Once through them there was a road to the palaces of the patriarch, queens and princes. Now this is the main gateway for visitors to the Kremlin. Opposite - the metro station "Alexander Garden" and Manezh. And inside the Kremlin, the sightseer immediately sees the Kremlin Palace, built in 1961. The tower changed the name five times. And only since 1658 this tower is Troitskaya. Above its gate was an icon. But after the 17th year, it was lost. Now there is a clock on this place. But from the Kremlin's side the empty place of the kyot remained.
The state coat of arms of Russia, copper-platedtwo-headed eagle, crowned the tower until 1935. These eagles were changed about once in a hundred years. But the Trinity Tower was the oldest, replacement was not made since 1870. His dismantling was carried out right on top of the tower. The eagle was replaced by a gilded, semi-precious star. But in 1937, the dimmed Kremlin stars are changed to stars made of ruby glass. The Star on the Trinity Tower is a complex technical structure that weighs about a ton.
The second in solemnity Troitskaya tower, through which tourists go to the Kremlin, is still as elegant and attractive as it was in the first years of construction.
