The highest tower of the Moscow Kremlin isthe central tower of the north-western segment of the wall overlooking the Alexander Garden. It is called Trinity, is a travel card and the second in importance. The tower is crowned with a ruby star, and once upon it, as on Spasskaya Vezha (the old Russian name), hung chimes.
Another Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy in 1366-1368years began to replace the wooden walls of the Kremlin. The material from which new fortifications and towers were erected was most often light limestone or “white stone” with which the central regions of Russia were so rich.
Для достижения своей цели Великий князь Moscow invites from Italy the famous masters of architecture, under whose leadership, from 1485, begins the analysis of white stone fields (the area between the two towers) of the walls and the towers themselves. For ten years, new ones were erected on the site of the defensive structures to be dismantled, this time from baked bricks. In the process of this reconstruction, the Kremlin area was increased by joining the site in the north-west of the fortress. And now it was 27.5 hectares and acquired the shape of an irregular triangle. This is the current shape of the fortress. The work was led by the Italians. Therefore, it is not surprising that the upper walls, decorated with battlements, all the towers (the old Russian name), including the highest tower of the Moscow Kremlin, very much resembled Italian castles - Scaligers in the city of Verona and Milan Sforza Castle.
Всего Московский Кремль имеет 20 башен.Three corners - Vodovzvodnaya, Beglemishevskaya and Corner Arsenal - the towers in the section are round, while the others, including the highest tower of the Moscow Kremlin, are square. From the general ensemble, sustained mainly in one style, stands the Nikolskaya Tower, which overlooks the Red Square, which the French blew up in 1812. During restoration work carried out under the project of O. I. Bove, she was given a Gothic look and painted white. All the towers are different in shape and height. So which of them is the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin? Troitskaya. What is it and where is it located? What is her story?
In the general reconstruction of the Kremlin took partAleviz Fryazin (Milanese), who arrived in Moscow in 1494. In 1495 he participated in the construction of the wall and towers along the Neglinnaya River. Stone chambers were also erected under his leadership (1499-1508). In 1508, he built dams on this river, which flowed along the north-western part of the Kremlin wall. Thanks to him, the water level in the river rose enough to fill the moat created along the wall overlooking the Red Square. From 1508 to 1516 it was dug under the direction of Milanese. And he also built the northern highest tower of the Moscow Kremlin.
It should be noted that Fryazin is not a surname, it isthe nickname that the Russians gave to all Western specialists, immigrants from Southern Europe. It originated from the distorted word "franc". Because of this, there have often been confusions. Aleviz Fryazin Old, Aleviz Fryazin Milanese and Aloizio da Karezano (or Carcano) are the same person who built the Trinity Tower, and Bon Fryazin built the Ivan the Great Bell Tower. At the same time, Ivan III invites to Moscow one more Aleviz Fryazin, but already Venetian, or New. They even had a common name - fryuzhskiy architects. In addition to the “fryazin” or “fryagin” mentioned above, invited by Ivan III the Great, were Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari, respectively, Mark and Peter Fryaziny.
Так вот, самая высокая башня Московского Кремля It was built from 1495 to 1499 by Aleviz Fryazin Milanese. And the very first fortification of the Kremlin - the Taynitskaya Tower (central in the southern part of the Kremlin wall) - was launched on July 14, 1485. After that, the towers were put into operation almost every year.
Башни находились друг от друга на определенном the distance that could be overcome along the passage laid out on top of the wall. Its width reached where 2, and where 4 meters. Outside, it was protected by two-horn teeth, the height of which is 2-2.5 m, and its thickness - 0.65-0.7 m. The total number of protective teeth located along the perimeter is 1045 pieces. The archers on the wall were covered by a parapet wall from the courtyard side. Initially, the passage covered a gable canopy under which it was possible to hide during bad weather, and he covered the wall itself from the destructive effects of rain and snow. This roof burned down in the 18th century and was never rebuilt.
Since the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlinis called Trinity, it is necessary to find out why she was given such a name, especially since it was originally called Epiphany, then Rizpolozhenskaya, later Znamenskaya and Kuretnaya, and it received its current name only in 1658 by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich due to being in the Kremlin Trinity Compound. Previous names associated with the churches of the Kremlin and the nearby royal carriage house.
The highest tower of the Kremlin (photo attached)It has the following parameters: from the side of Aleksandrovsky Garden, built where the Neglinnaya River used to be, taken into the pipe, the height of the tower is 80 meters with a star, without it - 76.35, from the inside - 69.3 and 65.65 m The tower is a travel card. Since its foundation until the end of XVII, its gates were considered second in importance after Spassky.
They served to travel to the courtyards of the queens, princessesand the patriarch. In 1516 a bridge was stretched from the Trinity Tower across the Neglinnaya River, which ended in a diverter or Barbican, in this case called Kutafya Tower. This fortification served primarily for the additional protection of the gate. This is the only surviving bridge tower of the Kremlin. The Trinity Bridge, coming from it, according to some connoisseurs of the history of Moscow, was erected on the site of the first stone-like construction of the capital, built in the XIV century.
With the end of construction of this tower werecompleted work on the creation of defenses of the entire north-western section of the wall - from this side the Kremlin became impregnable. The huge tower at the top ended in battlements, the wooden tent was a hipped one. According to documents from 1585, there were chimes on this tower, which equalized its similarity with Spasskaya. In addition, two-headed eagles were installed on both, and on the Trinity coat of arms of Russia was more ancient, assembled from several parts, fastened with bolts. And when, in 1685, a multi-tiered top and a high stone tent, white turrets, and other white stone decorations were added, the resemblance to the main Spasskaya Tower became very large. Yes, a year later they hung up new chimes (when they burned down in the fire of Moscow in 1812, they were no longer restored).
On the question of which of the towers of MoscowThe Kremlin is the tallest, you can answer: the one that crowns the square with the octagon, having a through-lookout part. What does it mean? The term "octagon on quadrangle" is a type of architectural composition, mainly church buildings. The octagonal or octagonal floor configuration stands on a tetrahedral, wider base. Such a composition seemed to be aspiring to heaven, which gave the building dynamism, it was, in turn, a striking feature of Moscow baroque. In the churches of the noble estates in the octagon there was a bell, naturally, it was not glazed and looked through. The Trinity Tower, the upper tiers of which were built according to this type, looked very beautiful from the current Alexander Garden. This was facilitated by the fact that various corners and pinnacles were located in the corners and on the strelnitse. Some of them were removed during the expansion of the loopholes in 1707 due to the impending threat of a Swedish invasion. Part of it was when the archive of the Ministry of the Imperial Court entered the Trinity Tower. It was even rebuilt for expansion.
In addition, the highest tower of the Kremlin in Moscow -one of the five crowned with stars. Borovitskaya and Spasskaya, Nikolskaya and Vodovzvodnaya are four more towers, on which the coats of arms of Imperial Russia were replaced with stars. In accordance with the emblems, you can also ask a very relevant question in the quiz: “Which of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin is the tallest?” The “youngest” (1912) was on Spasskaya. He was replaced by a star first. The first stars were gilded semi-precious and very heavy - up to a ton in weight. Therefore, the roofs of the Spasskaya, Troitskaya and Borovetsky towers were previously strengthened. However, semiprecious stars faded very quickly, and in 1937 decided to replace them with glowing stars made of ruby glass.
How else can you answer the question of whichthe highest tower of the Moscow Kremlin? If you look at the plan, you can see that it is the 15th tower from the Spasskaya Vezha (the numbering goes counterclockwise) and there is the highest one - the Trinity, from which the bridge leaves.
