The city of Moscow is notable not only because it isthe capital of our country. It contains many monuments of the country's cultural heritage. Since the 15th century, Moscow architecture has become the spokesman for a nationwide culture. Architecture is considered the "mother of all arts", since it not only reflects the stages of their development, but also is the basis for preserving frescoes, carving, painting and sculpture. Monuments of architecture in Moscow absorbed many features of Old Russian architecture and creativity of foreign architects. The most famous of them are of world significance, as they are historical objects and the result of creativity of great architects. The architectural monuments of the world reflect the peculiarities of the cultural development of different countries and the main historical events. Therefore, they are protected and restored in order to preserve a unique heritage for future generations.
List of objects of cultural heritage,preserved in the capital, is very large. Especially they are rich in the historical center of the city, but a lot of palace and park ensembles, monasteries and entire streets in different parts of Moscow are also its sights. What objects can be related to architectural monuments:
- Separate buildings and structures, something remarkable. For example, Arseniy Morozov's mansion, Pashkov's house, the Bolshoi Theater or the City Hall building.
- Palace and park ensembles and architectural complexes, for example the estate "Kuskovo", the Kremlin in Izmailovo, the Poklonnaya Hill or the park "Tsaritsyno".
- Historical centers of the city. In the capital, this is the world-famous ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin.
- Squares, quarters and streets. This is the Red and Manezhnaya Square, Arbat and Garden Ring, Vorobyovy Gory and Chistoprudny Boulevard.
- Monasteries and temples, which in Moscow are still numerous. The most famous of them are the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the Novodevichy Convent.
- Objects of architecture that have civil, industrial or military significance, for example, the Ostankino TV Tower, the Moscow Metro, VDNH, or the GUM building.
The oldest building of the city - the Moscow Kremlin - was laid in the 12th century on the Borovitsky Hill, at the mouth of the Neglinnaya River.
1. Wooden architecture.
All the buildings in the first centuries of the citywere made of logs. The most famous of them were the church of St. Nicholas, the temple of Daniel Stylites and the Moscow Kremlin itself. But not a single ancient wooden building in the city has survived.
2. Stone architecture of the 14th - 18th centuries.
The first stone building was the Assumption Cathedral onthe territory of the Kremlin, which has not survived to this day. During the reign of Ivan Kalita begin to rebuild the walls of the Kremlin. And by the 16th century the main architectural ensemble of Moscow acquired an almost modern appearance: white stone walls, the Annunciation and the Archangel's Cathedral, and the Faceted Chamber were created.
3. Classicism in the architecture of Moscow 18-19 century.
After the fire, most of the city's buildings wererebuilt. Participated in this many Italian architects, in the construction began to prevail classicism. The most famous architectural monuments of the city of Moscow of this time are Pashkov's house, Ostankino manor and the Bolshoi Theater building.
1. Moscow modern. Buildings in this style began to be created from the end of the 19th century. These include the Medyntsev mansion, the Pavlovs' estate, Yaroslavsky railway station, the Metropol hotel and many others.
2. Architecture of Moscow during the Soviet era differed in scope. New areas grew rapidly. The most famous buildings of that time are seven Stalin's heights.
3. Modern architecture of Moscow represented by office buildings, business and cultural centers, built in the style of postmodernism and eclecticism. This, for example, the shopping center "Nautilus" or the restaurant "White Swan".
1. The Kremlin - This is the most famous and ancient object.cultural heritage of the capital. He survived a lot, witnessed the rise and fall, revolutions and wars. On its territory there are many cathedrals and buildings that are also architectural monuments: the Assumption Cathedral, the building of the Arsenal and the Senate, the Diamond Fund, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower and the famous Spasskaya Tower with chimes. This ensemble belongs to the world heritage sites and is mentioned in any source where the monuments of world architecture are considered.
2. Gostiny Dvor It was also created in the 15th century and was rebuilt many times. Now it is a little like a monument of architecture, but still is a famous landmark of Moscow.
3. Red Square all over the world is a symbol of Russia.
All cultural and spiritual is connected with the capitalcountry life. Many of its monasteries and temples are known throughout Russia, some of them have been preserved since the first centuries of the city’s existence. We can say that these are monuments of Russian architecture, dear to the heart of every inhabitant of the country.
- The Novodevichy Convent, which, in addition to being active, bears the status of the State Historical Museum.
- Donskoy Monastery - is notable for the many beautiful churches and picturesque towers.
- The Danilov Monastery is one of the most ancient not only in Moscow, but also in Russia.
- The church of Gregory Neokesariysky is very picturesque with a bright orange bell tower and tiled inserts.
- The Cathedral of Christ the Savior is known for being restored in the 90s of the 20th century after complete destruction.
- St. Basil's Cathedral is one of the mostfamous sights of Moscow. So called Pokrovsky Cathedral, located on Red Square. With its bright painted domes and rich decoration, it attracts many tourists.
Accelerated city development and expansionHighways in the 30s-70s of the 20th century led to the fact that more than 400 monuments of world importance were destroyed. Among them are such famous buildings as the Passionate Monastery, the Church of the Assumption on Pokrovka and the Armory. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior was blown up, which, it is true, was subsequently restored. But many unique buildings were lost, for example, the house of the poet Khomyakov or the house of the Lopukhins. The historical center of the capital has greatly changed, in particular, many buildings on Manezhnaya and Bolshaya Yakimanka streets have been demolished.
Many people call the modern buildings tasteless. But along with the faceless high-rise buildings you can find quite original buildings:
- interesting house- "egg" on the street Mashkov;
- The business center "Pullman" on Myasnitskaya amazes with an interesting combination of glass and concrete;
- the residential complex "Embassy House" is interesting semicircular shape and diagonal windows;
- business center "Kitezh" in the form of a multi-deck liner.
Modern Moscow is striking a mixture of styles inarchitecture. Now it is mostly hi-tech, constructivism and modern. Such buildings of glass and concrete stand out on the streets of the city. But the ancient monuments of architecture of Moscow are not forgotten and attract tourists from all over the world.
