The city of Tyrnyauz is located at an absolute height.over a thousand meters above sea level, in the upper reaches of the Baksan River, in Kabardino-Balkaria. It is the administrative center of the Elbrus region. Removed from Nalchik to 89 kilometers. The area of the city is 60 square kilometers. The postcode of Tyrnyauz is 361624.
According to philologists, "tyrnyauz" is translated fromKarachay-Balkar language as a "crane gorge". In the city, it is really possible to observe this phenomenon when, in the case of fog or low clouds, cranes fly low over the river valley.
There is another version of the translation of the toponym, where“Tyrna” - “to scratch”, “auz” - “gorge”, and the toponym is translated as “overgrown gorge”. Before the founding of the city, the wide valley was littered with pebbles, and its appearance resembled a deeply plowed furrow.
The city of Tyrnyauz is located in the valley of the Baksan River, 40 kilometers from Mount Elbrus. Through it, along the valley of the river, the Elbrus-Baksan road was laid, which leads to the foot.
The settlement is located in the mountainous part of the republic of Kabardino-Balkaria. This is one of the high-altitude cities of Russia.
Its entire territory is located in the valley of the Baksansky gorge.
Nedra settlements rich in depositsfeldspar raw materials, talc, tungsten, gypsum, argillic clays, various types of marble, facing granites, molybdenum, high-strength granite gneisses, aplite (porcelain stone), roofing slates and other minerals.
The water resources of the city are the rivers Gerkhozhan-Su andBaksan, as well as small streams flowing down from the ridges. Open many sources of mineral waters. The proximity of the mountains and the location in the gorge form a special type of climate in which the weather in the city of Tyrnyauz is very different from the conditions of the flat and foothill parts of the republic. The climate is characterized by sudden temperature changes and strong dry winds from the mountains (hair dryer). The average air temperature is + 16 ° С in summer and -4 ° С in winter. Average annual - 6 ° С. Rainfall is about 850 mm per year.
In 1934, the village of Girkhozhan was founded near the deposit of tungsten-molybdenum ores.
Three years later, the first combines were built in the upper reaches of the gorge.
In 1937, the village of Girkhozhan was renamed to the village of Nizhny Baksan.
In 1955 the town was renamed Tyrnyauz and received city status.
No major historicaldevelopments. The city is interesting due to the fact that the Baksan gorge is very popular among climbers and skiers of Russia, as well as among researchers of the Great Patriotic War. After all, here across the Elbrus passes passes the highest mountain front line.
С распадом СССР и закрытием молибденового Combine, the city's population began to decline sharply. So, from 1989 to 2002. the population of the city decreased by a third. The mudslides of 2000 contributed to a rapid and dramatic decrease in the population.
A huge complex of combine built inas soon as possible, and by 1940 he was commissioned. However, in 1942 it had to be destroyed, since German troops approached the Baksan gorge.
After the liberation of the territory fromNazi invaders residents recreated the plant from the ruins. Already in 1945, he earned again. For ten years, kindergartens and schools, a stadium and a hotel, a house of pioneers and three clubs have been built around it. The settlement of Nizhny Baksan turned into a typical settlement and was renamed. Thus, the town of Tyrnyauz, a miner's working town, appeared in the Elbrus district.
By the end of the 1990s, the mining plant became one of the leading enterprises in the country. The city of Tyrnyauz in the CBD was recognized as one of the comfortable and beautiful.
But in the 2000s, the plant almostsuspended his work. He is currently in disrepair. The population of the city has decreased. But, there are prospects for the restoration of the plant and the city: there is a project to build a mining and smelting complex in Tyrnyauz as a promising investment project for the development of industry in Kabardino-Balkaria.
Печально прославился город Тырныауз в середине July 2000, when a powerful village fell upon the city. There was a destruction of the automobile bridge, flooding of residential buildings. More than 1,000 people were evacuated, 8 died, 8 were injured and about 40 were missing.
17 years later the tragic fatecities. So, on August 14, 2017, a powerful village came down on the town of Tyrnyauz. An emergency mode was introduced. By happy coincidence, the mudflow did not affect the socially significant objects of the city and the houses of the townspeople. About 300 people were evacuated from dangerous regions. The administration of the city of Tyrnyauz and all operational services were on high alert. The work of the task force and staff was organized.
As of 2017, 20,574 people live in the city.
The bulk of the population of Tyrnyauz in the nationalin relation to this, Balkarians - 52% of the total number of citizens, Russians - 25%, Kabardians - 15%. The population density is about 337 people per square kilometer. Population aged 15 to 60 years old prevails in the age and gender structure - 69% of the total number of citizens, up to 14 years old - 18%, the share of pensioners from 60 years old - 13%. The average age of citizens is 36 years. The proportion of women is 55%, and men - 45%.
4 educational institutions work in the cityprimary and 3 secondary schools, gymnasium and lyceum. In addition, there is the Special Child Rehabilitation Center, created for children with disabilities. Here is the assistance to parents in raising such children.
Of the health institutions in the city, there is a dental clinic, a district clinic and a district hospital.
Of the cultural institutions, the Center for National Crafts, the Central Library, the local history museum and the stadium for 2500 people open their doors here.
Tyrnyauz city attractionsElbrus region a few. The building of the city is mainly single-storey, as well as 3-4-storey houses. But there are several high-rises that were built in the 50s of the 20th century. Industrial buildings are located in a sheer cliff.
The city has no historical buildings and structures, all its buildings were carried out in the XX century.
During the Great Patriotic War 16 000Balkars (30% of the Balkar population) took part in the struggle against the German fascist invaders. In honor of them, in the center of the city, a stela was set and the Eternal Flame was lit.
A special place in the city is occupied by a modest monument, which is located on top of the city. This is the obelisk of the Fleur's Faith. The monument is dedicated to the discoverers of the ore deposits of these places.
Boris and Vera met in 1932. She was a student intern, and he was a geologist. Together they were engaged in research and geological exploration in the territory of the Tyrnyauz range.
Hunters very often found strangestones with lead, but very unusual, since it was impossible to cast bullets from it. These samples brought geologists. They made an analysis and revealed that it is molybdenum. The discovery of the field and marked the beginning of the industrial life of the city.
Вера и Борис продолжили изучать осыпи хребта.They loved each other and wanted to get married. But the tragic fate violated their plans. In 1936, near the settlement of Nizhny Baksan (Tyrnyauz), a girl fell from a rope bridge into a canyon and broke.
Boris survived it only slightly. In the war years he went to the front, in 1945 he was demobilized, he returned to Tyrnyauz to combine. However, in January 1946 and he died tragically.
The created plant, on the site of the deposit discovered by them, was for a long time the pride of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria.
In honor of them and their love, an obelisk is installed above the city.
The main attraction is the Elbrus Museum of Defense. It is considered the highest mountain museum in the world. Located at an altitude of 3,500 meters above sea level in the village of Terskol.
The city also has a museum of local lore.The Elbrus District of Kabardino-Balkaria, which presents expositions on the nature and history of the native land, on the Great Patriotic War, on the mining complex and the history of the discovery of the deposit.
In 2015, the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria began work on the reconstruction of the city of Tyrnyauz and district roads that lead to Elbrus and the city of Nalchik.
The city of Tyrnyauz is considered to be the face of the Elbrus region, as the Elbrus-Baksan road passes through it, which leads to the foot of the mountain.
For a long time the settlement was in desolation, and finally, its reconstruction began. The regional authorities allocated money for the restoration and repair of monuments, streets and houses.
В настоящее время пока не решен вопрос с горным plant and its administrative buildings, which are in a terrible abandoned state. In order to demolish them, additional financing is necessary, but there are no free funds in the budget yet.
Developed a construction project in a populatedparagraph mining and metallurgical complex. He would revive the endangered city of Tyrnyauz, Kabardino-Balkaria, provide employment for the working population. But while the project is not implemented. The city is gradually falling into decay.
What awaits him in the future?What will happen to him in ten years? What will happen to the younger generation? These questions are relevant not only for the city of Tyrnyauz, but also for all small cities of Russia. And they have no answers yet.
