How to distinguish between types of mushrooms edible and inedible. How to cook mushrooms

White, podberozoviki, boletus, amanita andpale toadstool, mushrooms and champignons - this is a huge kingdom on the planet. According to scientists, in general, edible and inedible mushrooms have about 100,000 titles! The three elements - water, land and air - have been habitable by them for a long time. Even the rock painting of the period BC contains their images. For the first time the species of edible mushrooms were described in the works of ancient Greek scientists in the 3rd century BC. e.

Areas of use

Many species of fungi are used in medicine andscience. All kinds of medicinal extracts and infusions, rinses for the oral cavity are made of them. In recent years, the US has been actively exploring the potential of hallucinogenic fungi in the treatment of mental disorders. But the most widespread use of all kinds of mushrooms edible or conditionally edible.

There are several reasons why fungi have become important in human nutrition:

• high nutritional value (not inferior to meat);
• excellent taste qualities;
• simplicity of production;
• possibility to prepare for future use.

In the present age of nanotechnology, fungi grown artificially are increasingly used. Basically, the love of "quiet hunting" is preserved only among the Slavic peoples.

Mushrooms that can be eaten

It is customary to divide the kinds of edible mushrooms into four categories, based on their taste and nutritional characteristics:

• The first category is the elite. Every mushroom picker knows them: white and their varieties, the Caesar mushroom (it is considered a delicacy from the time of the Roman Caesars, hence the name).
• The second category is the Polish mushroom, oily mushrooms, podber and podsinoviki, black mushrooms.
• The third group includes mushrooms, which can be found almost everywhere: chanterelles, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms.
• The last, the fourth, are edible, but have a small nutritional value and distribution - greens, all sorts of ryadovki, raincoats.

You can eat a poisonous mushroom, but only once in a lifetime ...

Edible mushrooms, fortunately, more thaninedible. Amateur mushroom pickers collect only popular types of edible mushrooms, photos of which were seen somewhere or exactly in them are sure. How not to collect poisonous mushrooms?

For this you need:

• To study the underside of the cap. If it is spongy, then it is likely that the fungus is edible (only two species of fungi with such a structure - "bilious" and Satanic - are poisonous).
• Sniff the mushroom. With a sharp smell of garlic or onions are not dangerous, but they hardly want to make a festive dish.
• Make a cut. If it is covered with milk secretion, the fungus is probably not dangerous.
• To know that at the end of the summer and the beginning of autumn, the species of edible fungi are mostly distributed in the forest, the poisonous ones are almost never found.
• Break the hat. If the color of the fracture changes color, it is better not to take such a mushroom.
• Remember that mushrooms of white color, spherical or pear-shaped, are not poisonous.
• Inspect the leg. Skirt or ovoid thickening of 100% indicate the toxicity of the fungus.

The main rule - I'm not sure, do not take this mushroom!

Mushrooms have an interesting feature to absorb andto process all kinds of harmful substances. Therefore, under no pretext, they can not be collected near industrial enterprises, garbage dumps, near livestock farms, fields where pesticides are used, near roads, in particularly hot weather.

How to cook

Despite the nutritional value and lack of fat,mushrooms belong to heavy food. The walls of their cells contain chitin (a substance stiffening the shells of insects and arthropods). The human stomach is not able to digest it. To increase the digestibility of fungi, they must be crushed as much as possible during cooking. If they are dried, then if possible, use them finely milled. Mushroom flour can be added to the first dishes, porridge. Since it is a strong allergen, it should be used with caution. From such flour it turns out an original cookie. It can be taken on a hike - places take up little, and the hunger is satisfied even with a small amount. Mushrooms should not be abused by people with gastrointestinal diseases.