It is difficult to make a correct classification and yesis it for museums? By popularity, by types of collections, by the degree of exoticism, by size, by antiquity, by kunstkamera, by size. Museums of the world are very diverse, but the most famous are concentrated in Europe. It is directly overcrowded by them. But, for example, India, with its five-century history, can not boast of especially famous repositories of national art. But in China, for excursionists waiting for "Forbidden City" - a colossal museum complex.
The most famous museums in the world can be counted on the fingers. There are only nine of them. But what!
Louvre (France, Paris)
It opened in 1793, when the trial of Louis XVI took place, and all the deputies voted for his death.
At that time there were only about two thousand exhibits in it. But one of the pearls of the collection - "Mona Lisa" by the work of the great Leonardo da Vinci - was already present.
The Uffizi Gallery (Italy, Florence)
It became available to visitors in 1575. The Grand Dukes originally collected works of the best Italian Renaissance artists.
The Hermitage (Russia, St. Petersburg)
The creation of the richest collection was started by Catherine II, whose agents acquired the best canvases and sculptures of Western European and ancient masters.
The world's museums that everyone has heard of areNational Gallery of Art (Washington), Metropolitan Museum (New York), Prado (Spain, Madrid), British Museum (London), Cairo Egyptian Museum, Vatican Museum (Italy, Rome). All of them represent the greatest achievements of the human spirit.
Если судить по площади, степени экзотичности, по the number of exhibits representing the national culture, which has already entered into universal values, this is undoubtedly the city in the city - "Gugun" in Beijing. Other museums of the world compare with it is difficult. They are completely different. If the country, according to the inhabitants of the Celestial Empire, or the Middle Empire, was in the center of the world, then this palace complex, as calculated by Chinese astronomers, is located in the center of the globe. This is the consciousness of its importance from ancient times was among the Han people (the self-name of the Chinese). "Gugun", consisting of an incredible number of palaces, is surrounded by a moat with water (the Golden Water River), and the southern entrance is considered to be the main one. The palaces themselves are built of wood and stone, and the number of rooms in them is only one less than 10,000.
The exposition includes scrolls with paintings, books,products of bronze and porcelain, clothing of emperors, jewelry. Of course, the day is not enough to bypass all the seventy-two hectares that "Gugun" occupies, but if there is an opportunity, it is just necessary to get acquainted with it.
Ватикан тоже является городом в городе.In his fifty-four galleries are concentrated works of painting and sculpture of the Renaissance and antiquity. In addition, there is a collection of Orthodox icons, Etruscan objects, ancient manuscripts, works of contemporary art.
In the 70s of the last century there was an additionala historical museum was created. His exhibits show objects of everyday life (for example, a collection of carriages) of the Vatican and the Roman popes. Four rooms, painted with frescoes by Raphael, who worked on them for nine years, are called "Stantsy". In addition, no one will pass Michelangelo's frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, which was once a house church. Anyone who loves classical art, be sure to get acquainted with the Vatican collection. Museums of the world without its expositions are incomplete.
Первоначально никаких музеев не было.In the ancient world, people collected works of art and showed their guests. In the Middle Ages, manuscripts, manuscripts, statues, jewelry, often exported during the Crusades from the East, accumulated in monasteries and churches. But already since the sixth century, beautiful objects captured during wars have been exhibited for viewing. Later, the sovereign suzerains collected, bought, ordered to artists and sculptors works of art. To make them look impressive in Italy, they began to build special buildings - galleries. In other palaces for storage adapted individual cabinets. These meetings laid the foundation for public museums, and to this day much work is being done to preserve and comprehend the heritage of mankind.
Ethnographic and historical repositoriesallow you to get acquainted with the history of a particular country or region. Museums of the world have a great influence on the development of the individual - this is a kind of pedagogical work aimed at the aesthetic education of children, adolescents and adults.
