In the south of Western Siberia is locatedThe Novosibirsk Region, which borders on the Altai Territory, the Omsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo Regions, as well as being one of the border regions, is adjacent to Kazakhstan.
Novosibirsk region was founded in 1937,however, the development of the territory took place long before its formation. At various excavations, remains were found, scientists believed that the first appearance of man occurred in the Paleolithic era, which belongs to the Stone Age.
Постепенно осваивались территории, и население In the Middle Ages, the Novosibirsk Region was made up of Turkic peoples led by khans. In the 13-15 centuries, the territory was the eastern outskirts of the Golden Horde, and a little later - the Siberian Khanate.
Only by the middle of the 17th century, according to many scholars,this territory became populated by Russians, and somewhere in 1644 the village Maslyanino was formed. Gradually, the area of the Novosibirsk region began to expand due to the construction of villages, fortresses, ostrog and resettlement of peoples, when the risks of nomad raids decreased.
До 1921 года как таковой области не существовало, since it was part of the Tomsk province, then it was part of the Novonikolaev province, the Siberian region, the West-Siberian region. Only in 1937 the region was divided into two parts: the Novosibirsk Region and the Altai Territory.
Today it is one of the largestsubjects of the Russian Federation. The area of the Novosibirsk region is 177 thousand km², it occupies the 18th position among all the subjects of the Russian Federation and the 6th position in the Siberian Federal District after the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Irkutsk Region, etc. The length from south to north is 444 km, from east to west - 642 km.
Население Новосибирской области по подсчету на 2013 was 2.7 million people. Most of them are city dwellers, to be exact 77%, so the population density is 15.2 people. on apt. km 90% of the population are Russians, such peoples as Germans, Ukrainians and others are also represented. It is worth noting that this area is urbanized, which means that about 60% live in Novosibirsk, 17% in other cities, and only 23% in villages, villages and urban-type settlements.
Cities of the Novosibirsk Region are only 15subjects. The largest is Novosibirsk, with a population of 1.5 million people, also Berdsk with a population of about 100 thousand people, Iskitim, Kuibyshev and others, where this figure does not exceed 30 thousand people.
The most ancient cities are Kargat andBerdsk, which appeared in the early 18th century, and the youngest - Ob, formed in 1934. It is interesting that the city is named after the main river of the region, but there is a water artery 15 km away from it.
Although most of the populationlives in cities, the region also has 30 administrative districts and 17 urban-type settlements. The villages of the Novosibirsk region have their own history, and some of them go back several centuries. One of the most famous is Kolyvan, where about 12 thousand people live, it has a rich history (mention of it dates back to 1797). Here is the female Alexander Nevsky Monastery, one of two in the whole region. Or the village of Dovolnoe, where about 7 thousand people live. It is believed that it was founded in 1703, although the date is being questioned. Not far from the village there is a sanatorium, which is a base in the region for the treatment and prevention of the gastrointestinal tract (built in 1965).
One of the largest cities, except Novosibirsk,consider Kuibyshev, where about 45 thousand people live. The city was founded in 1722 as a military fortification against the attacks of nomads and was named Kainsk, which means “birch” in translation from the Barabinsk Tatars language. Already in 1743, when the church was built, it was decided to use this territory as a settlement, and gradually it expanded. In 1935, the city was renamed Kuibyshev. The Novosibirsk Region, re-transformed in 1937, received this city, which in a couple of years changed its name to Kuibyshevsk and Kuybyshevo, but in the end everything returned to the initial version.
For more than 80 years, several schools and institutions of secondary education were built, a meat processing plant, a distillery, a concrete product plant and a garment factory were opened.
The main attractions are the churchThe birth of John the Baptist, built in 1904, is the only one that survived during the years of Soviet power. Also, the Museum of Local Lore, which was opened in 1988, and various municipal cultural institutions.
The area of the Novosibirsk region is quite large.It is located in Siberia, but with a fairly mild climate, when it is hot in summer and cold in winter. There are no anomalous colds here, as in most regions of Western and Eastern Siberia, but once it was -51 °.
Part of the territory is covered with taiga forests (andmore precisely, 1/5), where tree species such as pine, fir, cedar, birch grow, there are also meadows and mountain ranges. The region is rich in minerals, including oil, coal, color ores, marble, gold.
The main reservoirs of the Novosibirsk region are the Ob and Om rivers, as well as the Novosibirsk reservoir, or, as it is also called, the Ob Sea.
The region is very attracted to tourists by its nature andthe presence of thermal springs and mud deposits, thanks to which many sanatoriums and boarding houses were opened, where people come to heal and rest.
The area of the Novosibirsk region compared tothe subjects of Western and Eastern Siberia are small, but it is larger than Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland combined, and this allows it to develop its economy in various areas, starting with industry and ending with ecotourism.
What is interesting - the main income comes from the sphereservices, accounting for 60% of the gross product, 24% are industry and 6-7% agriculture, which means that the growth of foreign investment is increasing, which indicates the attractiveness of the region.
The territory is rich in minerals, and on it523 deposits have been discovered, about 80 of which are currently in use. Also developed industries such as engineering, chemical and forestry, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, construction materials.
In agriculture, they are mainly engaged in cattle breeding, poultry farming and sheep breeding, as well as growing flax fiber.
The fuel and energy complex in the form of the oil and coal industry also contributes to the development of the region.
All major cities of the Novosibirsk region contribute to the development of the region. Not only Novosibirsk is the center of the entire economy, but Kuibyshev, Berdsk, and Iskitim.
The administration of the Novosibirsk region has itslegislative and executive power, and at the head is the governor. For all the time after the formation of the Russian Federation, the governors were 5. They were elected by the people and appointed by the president in different years.
The whole territory is divided into administrative units, which include 15 cities, including 8 of them of regional subordination, 30 administrative districts, 17 villages and 428 rural administrations.
Новосибирская область - один из самых развитых subjects in Western Siberia, important transport hubs pass through it, there are 11 airports (Tolmachevo is international). Important are the railway tracks with a length of more than 1500 km.
Everyone knows that it is also a center of science andeducation, with the presence of Akademgorodok, where dozens of research institutes are located, which, of course, encourages the administration of the Novosibirsk region. It attracts all new employees who work at the state university, the physics and mathematics school, at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, at the center of virology and biotechnology, and at other scientific institutions.
