Electricity and electrical appliances havegreat importance in our life, we use them daily and repeatedly, dozens and even hundreds of times a day. We are used to doing this without thinking, forgetting about what potential danger they can carry for a person. But the danger of possible electric shock, the occurrence of fires due to a malfunction of electrical networks, wiring or equipment has not been canceled, so various means are used to prevent accidents. First of all, we are talking about devices for protective shutdown (RCD) and ground loops with the connection to them of all electrical appliances.
Anyone, even a little knowledgeable in electrical engineering, knows that all devices must be grounded. However, it is not known to everyone about what it is and how it is carried out in practice.
Grounding in an apartment building is usually alreadyis connected to the switchboard on the landing, and the grounding in the apartment is arranged when installing the wiring. In this case, the third, grounding wire is immediately fed to all points of consumption, that is, outlets. A socket with grounding is necessary for almost every modern household appliance. Grounding an electrical appliance means connecting its body, that is, a non-conductive part, with the earth or its equivalent. This measure is necessary to prevent a person from being electrocuted in the event of a breakdown of the phase to the housing.
In old houses, where wiring was carried out ontwo-wire circuit, only phase and zero are connected to the devices, there is no grounding in the apartment. This does not affect the operation of the devices, but some devices are left without grounding, especially those that come into contact with water: a dishwasher, a washing machine, a boiler, a refrigerator, etc.
How to deal with the situation, if the earthing inShield is not present? Unfortunately, home-grown electricians, after listening to the advice of a familiar "expert", without any doubts, begin to ground the device in various ways, often unsafe.
Two ways, how not to ground in the apartment
The most common error methodhomemade grounding - ground to battery. The attractiveness of this method is understandable, because the heat pipes lie in the ground and can theoretically serve to drain the charge. But in practice, the heating pipe may at any time be ungrounded - for example, at the time of repair or in the event of corrosion of the connections. In addition, in recent years, some parts of the district heating plant have been replaced by a part of the metal pipes, and the other - continues to be replaced by plastic ones, so that reliable contact of the heating system with the earth can not be hoped for. The result of this "grounding" is dangerous, because all current-carrying items (even in neighboring apartments) can be under stress, and this is kitchen equipment, sinks, bathtubs, etc. There is a danger of a massive electric shock, a fire.
The next mistake of the electrician is the connectiongrounding wire with a zero bus in the shield. Doing this is strictly prohibited, especially in cases where the house uses a TN-C system (four-wire riser). The danger is that at one point on the zero wire for a number of reasons there may be a voltage of 220 and even 380 V. Do I need to tell what will happen if you have a computer or refrigerator grounded at zero?
Without going into technical details, you cansay that the only option that can protect against electric shock in the event of lack of grounding in the apartment is the installation of special protective devices called RCDs. If it is not possible to ground the apartment in an apartment not artisanal, but in a professional, literate way, it is necessary to use this option.
