Techniques of Soviet production even now surprise many with their reliability, power and durability. Among the most interesting representatives of the automobile industry of the USSR, it is worthwhile to single out MAZ-503.
A new model of large-sized machinery wasIt was developed on the basis of the modern and progressive for the time truck MAZ-500. It was a dump truck with an 11.2-liter diesel engine rated at 180 horsepower. For transportation of goods the standard model was equipped with wooden boards.
The maximum lifting capacity was 7.5 thousand kg. Modifications of the MAZ-500 model differed in different types of sides:
Subsequently, these two major modificationsreplaced the new representatives of heavy equipment - MAZ-503 (dumper), MAZ-504 (truck-tractors) and MAZ-509, intended for transportation of wood materials. Let's consider the first option in more detail.
Soviet scientists did not invent somethingcompletely new, so the truck in the first years of production almost did not differ from its "father." Significant innovations were introduced in the design in 1970.
It is from those very days when the base of the car servesriveted from stamped parts. The running gear of the truck is supported by 4 semi-elliptic springs arranged longitudinally in the frame. This, in combination with hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers, endowed the MAZ-503 dump truck with load capacity and good cross-country ability.
For transportation of goods the model was equipped witha universal metal welded platform, in which the tailgate automatically opened and closed on hinges. The hydraulic drive tipped the platform, and a specially built-in valve shook it to ensure complete unloading.
Due to its design the MAZ-503 car has impressive technical characteristics:
Because of the relatively large size and turning radius, you can not call the car maneuverable.
Своей проходимостью и грузоподъемностью самосвал MAZ-503 is obliged to the powerful diesel engine YMZ-236. The power plant incorporates 6 cylinders arranged in a V-shaped manner. The working volume is 11.15 liters, which is why the maximum power is at 180 horsepower.
Cooling system is liquid, with forcedcirculation of antifreeze and thermostatic device. The last device was designed to create the optimal temperature regime, regardless of the weather conditions.
The peculiarity of the installation can be called complexfuel cleaning system. Before entering the combustion chamber, the diesel was subjected to coarse and fine cleaning. To this end, two filters were built into the fuel supply system: a cotton roving element for primary processing and a wood pulp filter on a pulverized bakelite binder.
This simultaneously increased the durability of the unit and allowed the use of low quality fuel. A similar system was used in the engine oil system of a mixed type.
The transmission of the car MAZ-503 presented5-speed manual gearbox with synchronizers at all speeds except the first. Two-clutch dry clutch with clutch has established itself on the positive side.
In the market of large machinery no longeryou will meet this representative of dump trucks. They were relevant and in demand until the 1980s, but then were driven out by more progressive trucks built on the basis of the MAZ-5335.
But the surviving instancesSoviet release can be actively used on medium-sized construction sites, in agriculture and in some industrial areas. And every year their number is getting smaller.
Soon the MAZ-503 (photos of which can besee in this article) will become just a memory. Those who are interested in the Soviet car industry can find a large-scale (1:43) model of the Kostroma plant.
