Kutuzov Michael Illarionovich - commander,he went down in history as a warlord, defeating Napoleon’s army, which had previously managed to conquer almost all of Europe. For more than 50 years he faithfully served his homeland, fighting for her interests and defending against invaders of all stripes.
Grateful descendants appreciatedfeats and military achievements of the field marshal general. In particular, in 1837 a monument to Kutuzov was erected near the Kazan Cathedral. Later, the monuments were installed in Moscow and Smolensk.
The great commander completed his life journey in1813 Death overtook him in a small Prussian town Bunzlau a few days after the troops he commanded reached the Elbe. The embalmed body of the commander was taken to St. Petersburg and buried on June 13 in the Kazan Cathedral.
5 years later another hero diedWorld War II - M. Barclay de Tolly. Soon after, it was decided to erect monuments to these two generals in front of the Kazan Cathedral. Several times a competition was announced for projects for these monuments, but the presented works were rejected, since not one of the famous sculptors of that time could fulfill the main condition - to create figures in uniform in which people used to see their heroes. Today it is difficult to understand, but the masters of the sculpture of that time were accustomed to create compositions that imitate classical art, when men and women were portrayed in Roman togas and tunics.
The only ones who managed to presentrealistic project turned out to be a former serf B.I. Orlovsky. The final versions of the sketches were approved in 1830, and in 1835 Kutuzov's figure was cast, and 7,371 kilograms of copper were spent on it. It took a couple more years for the construction of the pedestal, the project of which was developed by the architect V. Stasov.
The monument to Kutuzov was opened in December 1837. This event was timed to the 25th anniversary of the expulsion of Napoleon from Russia, and was accompanied by a salute and a grand military parade.
To create a realistic image of M.Kutuzov was used ceremonial portrait of the great commander of the work of D. Dow. However, the sculptor somewhat idealized his figure, giving it a great energy. At the same time, he focused on the posture of the commander, which was to express his belligerent attitude and desire to win.
In the right hand M.Kutuzov squeezes the sword, and on the left - the field-marshal's baton. At the feet of the figure lies the unfolded French flag, which has a broken pole. His pommel in the form of a Napoleonic eagle is pressed to the ground. All this symbolizes the defeat of French military power in front of the genius of the Russian military leader.
The figure of the commander, as required conditionscompetition, dressed in a uniform uniform, which is decorated with orders. The sculptor with great care portrayed the general's epaulettes, lanyard on the sword and sewing on cuffs and collar. Nevertheless, he could not completely deviate from the canons adopted at that time, and Kutuzov’s cloak very much resembles a Roman toga. According to experts, this work was the first step in the transition from classicism to realism in Russian art.
Заслуги великого полководца не были забыты в Soviet period. In particular, in 1954, a monument to Kutuzov by sculptor G. Motovilov and architect L. Polyakov was erected in Smolensk. The opening of the monument took place in 1954, the place for its installation was chosen area next to the Assumption Cathedral. The monument became an addition to a number of other Smolensk memorial constructions dedicated to the Patriotic War of 1812.
Памятник Кутузову в Смоленске отлит из бронзы.He is a full-length figure of a commander on a strict pedestal of pink granite. The field marshal is depicted with his head uncovered and in a wig. He has a big forehead, a crooked nose, a blind eye, deep wrinkles near the mouth, abundant wrinkles and a double chin. Kutuzov is dressed in a military uniform and his chest is decorated with military awards. In this case, the commander's right hand squeezes the handle of a bare sword lowered to the ground, and he holds the cloak with his left hand.
Кутузов Михаил Илларионович прославился во многих battles and operations. In particular, everyone knows his Tarutinsky maneuver, which was carried out on the Podolsk land. According to historical documents, it was not planned in advance, and the decision was made intuitively, based on the situation. Be that as it may, the maneuver achieved its goal and helped weaken Napoleon’s army.
In the 20th century, on the spot where the army stopped underled by Kutuzov, built neighborhood. He was named after the celebrated commander. In 1994, at the initiative of local authorities, work began, which resulted in a stele with a bas-relief of Field Marshal. In addition, in 2012 a large monument to Kutuzov was also installed.
В Подольске, точнее, на территории одноименного District can be seen if you go to the central square of the settlement Krasnopahorskoye. The choice of location is not accidental, since it was there that after the Battle of Borodino the commander’s headquarters was located. The author of the monument is sculptor Alexander Rozhnikov. He portrayed Michael Illarionovich in his overcoat thrown over his shoulders, boldly marching to meet the challenges.
This magnificent equestrian monument is set toAvenue, which is named in honor of the General Field Marshal. The idea of its installation was born in 1945, when the 200th anniversary of the birth of Kutuzov was celebrated. However, the final decision was not made, and a monument to the commander in the capital appeared only in 1973. Its author was N. Tomsky, who had previously created several famous sculptural images of Lenin and Stalin. Among his most successful works can also be called the monument to Lomonosov on the Sparrow Hills.
In addition to the figure of Kutuzov himself, Tomsky took upthe creation of sculptural images of the heroes of the Patriotic War of Bagration, Yermolov, Platov, Raevsky and Davydov. They were placed on the ledge of the pedestal, on which there is a thank-you inscription.
Now you know how the monument was created.Kutuzov in St. Petersburg and familiar with the description of the sculptural compositions dedicated to the commander in the capital, in Podolsk and Smolensk. They are an expression of gratitude of the Russian people to one of their greatest sons, who devoted his entire adult life to protecting the interests of the Motherland.
