The future navigator James Cook was born in 1728 in England, in the family of a former farmhand. After he was educated, the young man got a job as a cabin boy on his first ship.
Even in his early youth, Cook decided that he would devotelife to the sea. In his free time, he studied related sciences - geography, astronomy and the history of exploration of new lands. In 1755 the Royal Navy accepted a new sailor. They were James Cook. A short biography of the man included career growth from a simple sailor to a boatswain in just a month of service.
At that time, the Seven Years War beganFrance and its allies. Cook participated in the battles on the ship "Eagle" and the blockade of the enemy coast. In 1758, he was sent to North America, where the struggle for colonies and resources continued between the two great maritime powers. At that time, Cook was a master-assistant captain. He, as a specialist in cartography, was instructed to investigate the channel and the channel of the St. Lawrence River. On its banks stood the important city of Quebec, which the British wanted to capture.
The master successfully coped with his task,thanks to which the storm took place and the capture of an important fortress. The Royal Navy was vitally important to such specialists as James Cook, whose brief biography received a new round. After returning to his homeland, he began to prepare for his first round-the-world trip.
The state allocated to Kuku a small shipEndeavor. On it an experienced sailor had to explore the southern seas to find an unknown continent, which supposedly was in those extreme latitudes. The team was also credited with experienced specialists - botanists and astronomers. This team was supposed to be led by James Cook, whose short biography attracts numerous readers today.
In 1768, he left the port of Plymouth toto be in Tahiti. The captain differed in that he introduced a strict discipline on the ship regarding attitude to the natives. The command was given an order not to enter into conflict with the savages, but, on the contrary, to try to build peaceful relations. This was contrary to the customary practice of the colonialists, when the local population massively massacred or fell into slavery. This was opposed by the traveler James Cook. A brief biography of the captain does not contain the facts that he ever initiated a conflict with the natives.
After Tahiti, New Zealand was followed bycarefully researched by James Cook. A short biography of the navigator in each textbook includes a detailed description of his activities as a cartographer. He described in detail each coast, past which he sailed. His cards were used for another hundred years. On Endeavor, he opened the bay, which he named the Queen Charlotte Bay. The captain's name received a strait separating the two islands of New Zealand.
East coast of Australia met the teamunprecedented plant species. Because of this, the bay in this region was called the Botanical Gulf. Europeans were amazed at the local fauna, including the wild kangaroos. June 11, 1770 the ship received a serious hole on the reef, which greatly slowed the expedition.
When the leak was sealed, Endeavor went toIndonesia. There the sailors became infected with malaria. The sanitary conditions of the then voyages had the potential to spread epidemics. However, thanks to the observance of hygiene rules and changes in diet, Kuku managed to overcome scurvy, the scourge of many sailors. But against malaria and dysentery, there was still no effective remedy. Therefore, when Endeavor finally found itself in Cape Town, only 12 people remained on board, including Cook.
The first expedition proved that New Zealand is two islands. The main goal (the southern mainland) was never found. The map was detailed on the east coast of Australia.
In 1772, a new expedition was launched, whichwas led by James Cook. A brief biography for children contains many fascinating travel details that attract little readers. Basically, these are descriptions of amazing plants and animals of tropical fauna.
The first purpose of Cook was Bouvet Island, which beforethis was seen from afar by the Norwegian expedition. However, the desired piece of land was never found, after which the team went further to the south. In January 1773, "Resolution" and "Adventure" for the first time in the history of research crossed the Southern Arctic Circle. Due to severe weather conditions, two ships even lost sight of each other for a short time.
After a long voyage, the expedition headed forTahiti and Hua Hin. There, the English were confronted with the aggressive behavior of the natives and even cannibalism. In the future, Cook was heading strictly to the east, opening New Caledonia and South Georgia. Nevertheless, he never managed to reach the coast of Antarctica. It was there that James Cook sought. The biography, which briefly captivates with bright adventures, has become the subject of research by numerous historians.
In 1776 a new expedition began.It was the last journey led by James Cook. The biography, which has a brief content in all geography textbooks, includes such an interesting chapter as well. This time the captain received two ships - "Resolution" and "Discovery".
On December 24, 1777, the expedition opened the islandChristmas, named so in honor of the upcoming holiday. Here the sailors succeeded in seeing the solar eclipse. In advance, he knew about James Cook, whose short biography included long days of studying astronomy.
In January, Europeans first saw the Hawaiianisland. Here they rested, after which they went to the shores of Alaska and the Chukchi Sea. On the way, the ships crossed the Arctic Circle. In the Aleutian Islands, Cook met with Russian researchers and industrialists.
From the polar seas the team returned to Hawaii.She was met by a crowd of Aborigines numbering about a thousand. With the local residents there were constant conflicts, because of what those attacked the British. In one of the attacks on February 14, 1779, James Cook was killed. A very brief biography of this navigator should be known to any educated and erudite person. The captain became the national hero of Great Britain.
