Arabic is one of the most common languagesIn a world that is gaining popularity every year. The study of the Arabic language has its own peculiarities, which is connected with the structure of the language itself, as well as with pronunciation and writing. This should be taken into account when choosing a program for training.
Arabic is a Semitic group. According to the number of native speakers for whom he is native, Arabic takes the second place in the world after Chinese.
In Arabic, about 350 millionpeople in 23 countries where the language is considered official. These countries include Egypt, Algeria, Iraq, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Palestine and many others. Also, the language is one of the official languages in Israel. Given this factor, the study of the Arabic language presupposes a preliminary choice of a dialect that will be used in a particular country, since, despite many similar elements, in different countries the language has its own distinctive features.
Modern Arabic can be divided into 5large groups of dialects, which from the linguistic point of view can practically be called different languages. The fact is that the lexical and grammatical differences in the languages are so great that people who speak different dialects and do not know the literary language can not understand each other. The following groups of dialects stand out:
A separate niche is occupied by modern standard Arabic, which, however, is not used in colloquial speech.
Learning Arabic from scratch isan uneasy task, because after the Chinese it is considered to be one of the most difficult in the world. In order to master Arabic, you need a lot more time than studying any European language. This applies to both independent work and classes with teachers.
Self-study of Arabic isa complex path from which it is better to refuse at first. This is due to several factors. First, the letter is very difficult to write, which does not resemble either the Latin alphabet or the Cyrillic alphabet, which is written from right to left, and also does not require the use of vowels. Secondly, the structure of the language, in particular morphology and grammar, differs in complexity.
The program for learning Arabic should be built taking into account the following factors:
We must not forget that it is necessary to determine thechoice of a particular dialect. The study of the Arabic language has differences depending on this factor. In particular, dialects in Egypt and Iraq are so different that their carriers can not always understand each other. The way out of the situation may be the study of the Arabic literary language, which has a more complex structure, but it is understandable in all countries of the Arab world, since dialects traditionally have a more simplified form. Despite this, this option has its own negative sides. Although the literary language is understood by all countries, it practically does not communicate. It may happen that a person who knows the literary language can not understand people who speak a certain dialect. In this case, the choice depends on the objectives of the study. If there is a desire to use the language in different countries, then the choice should be made in the direction of the literary version. If the language is studied for work in a particular Arab country, but the preference should be given to the appropriate dialect.
Learning Arabic is impossible withoutthe use of words and word combinations, which in this case have distinctive differences in comparison with European languages. This is due to the fact that in Europe languages intertwined and strongly influenced each other, due to which they have many common lexical units. Virtually all the vocabulary of the Arabic language has its original origin, which can not be practically associated with others. The number of borrowings from other languages is present, but it takes up no more than one percent of the dictionary.
The complexity of the study also lies in the fact that forArabic is characterized by the presence of synonyms, homonyms and polysemantic words, which can seriously confuse people who begin to learn the language. In Arabic, both newer words and very old words are intertwined, which, however, do not have definite links among themselves, but they denote almost identical objects and phenomena.
Literary Arabic and its numerousdialects are characterized by the presence of a highly developed phonetic system, in particular, consonants: laryngeal, interdental and emphatic. The complexity of the study also presents all sorts of combinatorial possibilities of pronunciation.
Many Arab countries are trying to bringspoken pronunciation of words to the literary language. This is due primarily to the religious context, in particular the correct reading of the Koran. Despite this, at the moment there is no single point of view on how to correctly read certain endings, because the ancient texts do not have vowels - signs for vowel sounds, which does not allow us to correctly state how to pronounce this or that word.
Arabic - one of the most common, andAlso one of the most difficult to learn languages in the world. The difficulty consists in a special letter without the presence of vowels, multilevel morphology and grammar, and also a special pronunciation. An important factor in the study of the language is also the dialect choice, because in different countries the Arabic language sounds quite differently.
