Age and pedagogical psychology. Main tasks and principles of educational activity.

The branch of psychology that studiesthe laws of the process of acquiring social experience by a person in specially organized conditions of training, is called "Pedagogical Psychology". From this area associatively stands out the concept of "educational activity", which is the basis of pedagogical psychology. The notion of "learning activity" even among competent people is treated differently, sometimes it is associated with such concepts as teaching or teaching.

You can consider this concept according to DB.Elkonin, who considered that "educational activity is an activity that has its content mastering generalized methods of action in the sphere of scientific concepts, ... such activity should be motivated by adequate motives. They may be ... the motives for acquiring generalized methods of action, or simply speaking, motives, own growth, own improvement "[238, p. 245]. In some cases, pedagogical psychology considers educational activity as a specific mode of activity. It is always aimed at the subject and assumes his self-development, perfection and formation of his personality thanks to useful and cognitive pedagogical activity.

Pedagogical psychology distinguishes several basic principles of educational activity, which essentially distinguishes it from other types of education.

1. It is specifically aimed at solving learning problems and mastering the material.
2. In this doctrine, general scientific concepts and principles of action are mastered.
3. Joint methods of action (in contrast to everyday methods) precede the solution of complex life problems.
4. Educational activity leads to a change in the personality characteristics of a person.
5. Subsequently, the whole complex leads to a change in the psychic properties and social behavior of the student, depending on the results of his own active activities.

The main product of training activitiespedagogical psychology considers structured knowledge, which is the basis for solving complex scientific and practical problems. Educational activity consists of such concepts as motivation, learning tasks in a variety of forms, training activities, assessment, moving into self-esteem and control, turning into self-control. Motivation, as the most basic component of education, is part of the structure of any learning activity, it can be both internal and external to the activity, but it always remains internal, in relation to the trainee's personality.

The educational task is offered to the student in the forma certain task in a certain situation. This aspect is very important for the student, because at that moment he has the opportunity to discover something new and unknown. To do this, it will require some effort and contact with the subject, and the result will indicate the goal. Pedagogical psychology explains that the main difference between the educational task and all others lies in the fact that its final result consists in changing the person himself, as a person, and not the objects with which he interacts.

Age and pedagogical psychology makes special demands on educational tasks.

1. First of all, the task should be part of a complex system, and its utility is evaluated in the overall totality of the entire system.
2. When creating a task, one should strive to ensure that it not only fulfills the immediate educational goals, but also strives to realize more remote ones.
3. Educational tasks should help in mastering the educational system, and help to properly implement educational activities.
4. The educational task should be presented in such a way that the corresponding means of activity act as the direct product of education.

Proceeding from this, one should not underestimate the influence of educational tasks on the whole process of educational activity, especially since the psychology and pedagogy of higher education and the middle level clearly confirm this.