The Arabian deserts are the common name of the desertcomplex, which is located on the peninsula of the same name. This natural zone is located on the territories of all countries that are on the peninsula, and also captures the corners of some continental powers. Different names are given to local deserts by local residents, and in the understanding of Western people all this is a single zone covered with practically impenetrable sands, which are roasted every day under the scorching sun.
First, let us consider in which part of the world and inwhich climatic zone is the Arabian Peninsula. The map shows that these lands are located in the tropical zone, and in the north they start at about 30-degree parallel. The area of the peninsula is 3.25 million square kilometers, and its outlines are very straightforward. For this reason, there are very few comfortable bays here, which makes it impossible for many countries (with the exception of the UAE) to organize a tourist business here. From the geological point of view, the Arabian desert on the map occupies its own separate plate of the same name. However, earlier this tectonic rock was part of Africa, which is clearly visible in the similar climatic and geological features of these two localities.
Now we will consider, what seas baysthe Arabian Peninsula is washed. The map of this locality does not abound with names, since there are very few bays here. Basically, all the adjacent seas to this part of the world are formed by the nearby continents - Eurasia and Africa, as well as islands that are nearby. So, the east of the peninsula is washed by the Persian and Omani bays. The south is bathed in the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea. The western coast of Arabia is washed by the Red Sea, where the water border with Egypt runs. In the north, this desert zone passes into the mainland.
In its weather conditions, the Arabian desertslittle differ from each other. The average amount of precipitation, which falls on the peninsula in a year is 100 mm. It should be noted that in the zones closer to the mountains, this number grows to 500-600 mm, and up to 200 mm increases where the sands approach the sea gulfs. In summer, the average daily temperature here is about 45-50 degrees, at night it drops to 15 Celsius. In winter, in some regions, even during the day, the thermometer does not rise above 15, and at night, frosts also occur. Those deserts that lie in the more southerly tropics, even in January, warm up to 35 degrees.
Все страны Аравийского полуострова полностью или partially located in a desert zone. Among such political units are the following: Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait. All of them have access to the sea, and some of them (Bahrain and Kuwait) are located on the islands. As for the division of the peninsula into deserts, which is accepted by local residents, it consists of seven units. The largest desert here is called Rub al-Khali, and it occupies the entire south of Saudi Arabia, the northern parts of Oman and Yemen, as well as the west of the UAE. It is followed by Deshna desert, which is located in the heart of Saudi Arabia. This natural zone abounds in oases, as it extends along the bed of a dried up river, where, according to scientists, underground sources still exist. The Arabian deserts of Tihama and the Great Nehud are in the South and North of the peninsula, respectively. In the first one you can find low mountains, and also it goes to the shores of the Red Sea, which makes it not very arid. Big Nefud is a zone of red sand. The most windy point on the peninsula, which also traces very sharp diurnal temperature jumps. All other deserts of the Arabian Peninsula are quite small in their area and do not have an individual landscape.
Rub al-Khali, as we have already found out, isthe most extensive natural desert type area in the Arabian lands. This desert is located on a plateau that rises 500 meters above sea level with a gradual descent to the south. Almost all the other Arabian deserts are adjacent to this main, because their flora, fauna and topography are very similar. The entire territory, which occupies more than 500 000 square meters. km, covered with numerous varieties of sand. In the south, they turn into salt marshes, which indicates the proximity of the sea. The terrain is absolutely lifeless, there are no insects or reptiles. Rub al-Khali - a bright representative of the eolian types of relief. There are both single dunes and sand dunes, which form long ridges stretching for hundreds of meters or even kilometers. It is also noteworthy that quivering white sands can be found on these lands.
Basically, the Arabian desert on the maplocated in a very profitable region for living. However, all types of mammals (except for three) are absent here because nature has not rewarded the region with precipitations, the necessary amount of moisture and has not protected it from strong winds. Among the very "brave men" who live in the desert, let's call the wolf, the sand fox and the ferrets. In the northern regions of the peninsula, where there are many grassy plants, ungulates and rodents can be found. Numerous reptiles live in the sand zone - lizards and snakes are all venomous. At night, tarantulas and tarantulas are activated, as well as other insects that live in the sand. Numerous birds hover above the sand dunes. These are larks, sparrows, specks, eagles and kozodoi, as well as several other species of birds.
