How do the verbs change? Verb is changed by time, by number, by gender

The verb is leading, along with the namenoun, part of the speech of the Russian language. It forms the core of the sentence, concludes the process. How the verb changes in tense, mood, person, number and gender, will be discussed in the article.

Verb: constant signs

All parts of speech are inherent in certain signs. Conjugation and type, reflexivity and transitivity are considered to be immutable in the verb.

Verbs vary by person. The nature of these changes reflects the type of conjugation - 1 or 2. There is no semantic difference between verbs of different conjugations. Difference in personal endings: 1 person - he, - he, - he, - he, be, - out, 2 -to them, he, he, you, he. The view is intended to reflect the attitude of action to the time of speech. Perfect view (question what to do?) is the result imperfect (what to do?) there is a process. For example, walk - go, think - come up. Often the difference lies in the fact that the imperfective verbs reflect a periodically recurring action, and the perfect form reflects a single action. For example, ride - go, cook - cook. Such a constant verb sign, as reflexivity, indicates the direction of action on someone. Return indicator is postfix -sleep: swim, pricked, forgiven. Transitivity indicates the possibility of the verb to control the object - the noun in the accusative case. I.e verb to write - transient, as it can be combined with the words that answer the question what? whom ?: paint a picture, write a dictation. Verb watch - intransitive because it cannot control the noun in the accusative case.

Mood

Глаголы изменяются по временам, лицам и т. д., that is, inconstant morphological features are peculiar to them. Verbs that are capable of changing their form are called conjugable. The leading sign is the possibility of verbs to change the mood, which reflects the attitude of the process to reality. So, allocate indicative mood, imperative and conditional. All other non-permanent signs of the verb depend on the mood. Verbs change at times only in the indicative mood. The subjunctive (conditional) mood has a traditional structure: a past tense verb + a particle would be (would bring, would tell). The imperative mood is characterized by the presence of the suffix -and or -Te: write, tell me.

Time

Time is a special categoryverb indicative mood. It can be future, past and present, that is, it reflects the attitude of action at the moment of speech. The verb changes at times according to the form. The time and correctness of its use is largely determined by the type of the verb. Thus, verbs of the perfect form cannot have the present tense, since it indicates a certain process. Suffix -l-the main indicator of the past tense verb: govoril, studied, stood. It is important to note that verbs change by gender only in past tense. Future tense is formed by the auxiliary verb be and infinitive, if it is an imperfect verb: build - will build, teach - will teach. If in the future tense it is necessary to put a verb of the perfect form, then the auxiliary word is not required: drive - drive, take a look - take a look.

Face

The time category is decisive foranother non-permanent verb sign - a person. Verbs are changed in persons only in the future and the present tenses of the indicative mood, in the imperative mood. The face of the verb is intended to indicate the participant in the speech process (1 or 2 persons: speak, listen) or on the person mentioned in the speech (3 person: knows tell). The personal form of the verb is called such a form, next to which you can restore the personal pronoun: study - I study, read - we read, write down - you write down, sit down - you sit down, look for - he / she / it searches, knit - they knit.

Number

Category of number is inherent in all variable parts.Russian language speech. Thus, in verbs the number cannot be determined only in the initial form, that is, in the infinitive. Verbs vary in numbers in all moods (Sit - Sit - Sit) and in all times (drew - draw - will draw).

Immutable forms

Only permanent signs can be indicated inimmutable forms of the verb. These are the infinitive and the participle. An infinitive is the beginning of any verb form. All permanent verb signs are determined by it. It contains the semantics of the action, but does not show its relation to reality, to the time of speech, to the participants in the speech process. The verb varies in mood and tense, but not infinitive.

The participle is one of the attribute attributes, that is,non-conjugated, verb forms. It combines the meanings of the verb and adverbs and denotes an additional, secondary action. The verbal adverb, like the infinitive, has only permanent signs. However, an infinitive may be a main member of a sentence or a part of a main member, while a participle may not. There are cases when the participle depends on the infinitive in a sentence: Live rejoicing. Loving, caring. Buy, having found. In such sentences, predicativeness is enclosed in immutable forms of the verb.

Inclined form of the verb

Surprisingly, the verb changes in cases,rather, its special form is the participle. It combines the constant features of the verb and the non-permanent features of the adjective. The participle, formed from the stem of the verb, reflects the appearance, and the special suffixes express the time, which in the participle is a constant feature. The invariable characteristic of participles is the pledge. So, this form of the verb can be passive or valid. This is an expression of a sign as active or passive. For example, read (himself) - active voice, that is a real participle, read (кем-то) - пассивный залог, причастие passive. The participle varies in cases according to the paradigm of adjectives. This form of the verb can vary in numbers and genera: singing - singing - singing - singing, have a full and short form (only passive): built - built. Mortality is determined only in full participles. For example, hatched nest - prepositional near the sea - genitive, paintery - dative, sounded song - the instrumental.